<?php
$terms = wp_get_post_terms( $post->ID, 'artists' );
if($terms){
// post has course_type terms attached
$artists = array();
foreach ($terms as $term){
  $artists[] = $term->slug;
}

$original_query = $wp_query;
$wp_query = null;
$wp_query = new WP_Query( array(
  'post_type' => 'artwork',
  'tax_query' => array(
    array(
      'taxonomy' => 'artists',
      'field' => 'slug',
      'terms' => $artists, //the taxonomy terms I'd like to dynamically query
      'posts_per_page' => '-1'
    ),
  ),
  'orderby' => 'title',
  'order' => 'ASC'
) );

$image = get_field('artwork_image');
$size = 'artwork-small';
$img = $image['sizes'][ $size ];

if ( have_posts() ): ?>
<ul>
  <?php while (have_posts() ) : the_post(); ?>
    <li><a href="<?php the_permalink(); ?>" title="<?php the_title(); ?>"><img src="<?php echo $img ?>" alt="<?php echo $image['alt']; ?>" /><?php the_title(); ?></a></li>
  <?php endwhile; ?>
</ul>
<?php endif;
$wp_query = null;
$wp_query = $original_query;
wp_reset_postdata();
} // end if($terms)
?>