2020-10-14 TOEFL: listening detail

Greg Malivuk
greg.malivuk@gmail.com
https://pastebin.com/u/gmalivuk - Notes from all classes
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Homework: pdf pages 9-12 - Questions after passages 2 and 3
(Optional: everything else we didn’t get to on this handout.)
- Do as much of this as you can while we wait for other students.
12 D (You can infer from the last sentence, about other animals with wings, that there must not be any other animals with feathers. Therefore, feathers are unique to birds.)
13 C (“categorize” = put into a category, or identify as being in a category)
14 A (“Showy” means it’s for show. It’s primarily meant to be seen.)
15 B
16 D
17 B
18 A (“fundamental” is related to “foundation”, which is the first (base) level of a building)
19 C
20 B
21 C (It needs a strong or sturdy body to be able to handle rough roads.)
22 A
23 B
24 D
25 D (“by no means plush” = not plush at all)
26 B (The structure of the sentence implies that “not always prompt” is a negative thing, so “prompt” is positive and we can eliminate D.)
- In this context, “service” just means whether or not they serve an area, rather than the interactions with people. It’s the same sense that we see in phrases like “out of service”
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Sometimes even after looking at all the context you can only eliminate one or two answer choices and you still have to guess if you don’t know what the word means.
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Word Roots 1 - With your classmates, try to think of one or two words to explain the meaning of each root.
ab (abduct, abdicate) = away/down
ad (advocate, addition, advance) = to/onto
	(Many words that begin with ‘a’ and a double consonant have this root: accord, affect, aggressive)
aer/aero (aerial, aerate) = air
agri/agro (agriculture, agribusiness, agrarian) = field/farm
ambi (ambidextrous, ambiguous, ambivalent) = both
amb/ambul (amble, ambulatory, ambulate) = move/walk
ami/amo (amiable, amorous) = love/affection
andro (android, androgen) = man (the root for “woman” is “gyn”)
anim (animate, animal) = movement/motive
ann/enn (annual, millennium, anniversary) = year
ante/anti (antecedent, anteroom, anticipate) = before
anthropo (anthropology, philanthropy) = humanity
anti (antibacterial, antisocial) = against
aqua (aquamarine, aqueduct, aquarium) = water
arch (monarch, hierarchy, archbishop) = first (in power or importance)
archa (archaeology, archaic) = old (first in time)
art (artist, artifact, artisan) = skill
astro (astronomy, astrology) = star
aud/audi (audience, audible) = hear
auto (automatic, autograph, autobiography) = self
bell (belligerent, rebellious) = war
bene (benefit, benevolent) = good
bi (bilingual, bilateral, bisexual) = two
bio (biology, biography, biosphere) = life
cept/ceive (intercept, receive) = catch
cardi/cardio (cardiac, cardiology) = heart
carn (carnivore, carnal) = meat (if it’s dead) / flesh (if it’s alive)
cede/ceed (intercede, exceed, succeed) = go
cent (century, centimeter, centennial) = 100
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BREAK
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Listening Question Types (these are often divided differently in different books)
- main idea (topic or purpose)
- detail (similar to reading fact questions)
- inference (similar to reading inference)
- purpose (similar to reading purpose)
- attitude (How does the speaker feel?)
- prediction (What will the speaker(s) do next?)
- function/replay (Listen again. What does the speaker mean when he says this?)
- complete a chart or table (multi-part detail question)
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Listening is divided into sets of two or three listenings:
long set = 1 conversation (5Q), 1 lecture (6Q), 1 discussion(6Q), 10 minutes to choose answers
short set = 1 conversation, 1 lecture or discussion, 6.5 minutes to choose answers

You will have 1 long set and 1 or 2 short sets on your test.
You have to answer the questions in order. You can’t return to earlier questions. You won’t see any questions during the listening.
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Cambridge L13 - Identify the correct restatements of each audio sentence.
Often, one of the wrong answer choices will be an incorrect restatement of information from the conversation or lecture.
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Homework: “Listening - Detail” pdf exercise 10.1 - Listen to the other conversations and answer the detail questions about them.