DDRESCUE(1)                                                                                   User Commands                                                                                   DDRESCUE(1)

NAME
       ddrescue - data recovery tool

SYNOPSIS
       ddrescue [options] infile outfile [logfile]

DESCRIPTION
       GNU ddrescue - Data recovery tool.  Copies data from one file or block device to another, trying to rescue the good parts first in case of read errors.

       You should use a logfile unless you know what you are doing.  If you reboot, check the device names before restarting ddrescue.  Do not use options '-F' or '-G' without reading the manual first.

OPTIONS
       -h, --help
              display this help and exit

       -V, --version
              output version information and exit

       -a, --min-read-rate=<bytes>
              minimum read rate of good areas in bytes/s

       -A, --try-again
              mark non-trimmed, non-scraped as non-tried

       -b, --sector-size=<bytes>
              sector size of input device [default 512]

       -B, --binary-prefixes
              show binary multipliers in numbers [SI]

       -c, --cluster-size=<sectors>
              sectors to copy at a time [128]

       -C, --complete-only
              do not read new data beyond logfile limits

       -d, --direct
              use direct disc access for input file

       -D, --synchronous
              use synchronous writes for output file

       -e, --max-errors=[+]<n>
              maximum number of [new] error areas allowed

       -E, --max-error-rate=<bytes>
              maximum allowed rate of read errors per second

       -f, --force
              overwrite output device or partition

       -F, --fill-mode=<types>
              fill given type blocks with infile data (?*/-+)

       -G, --generate-mode
              generate approximate logfile from partial copy

       -H, --test-mode=<file>
              set map of good/bad blocks from given logile

       -i, --input-position=<bytes>
              starting position of domain in input file [0]

       -I, --verify-input-size
              verify input file size with size in logfile

       -K, --skip-size=<min>[,<max>]
              initial size to skip on read error [64 KiB]

       -L, --loose-domain
              accept an incomplete domain logfile

       -m, --domain-logfile=<file>
              restrict domain to finished blocks in file

       -M, --retrim
              mark all failed blocks as non-trimmed

       -n, --no-scrape
              skip the scraping phase

       -N, --no-trim
              skip the trimming phase

       -o, --output-position=<bytes>
              starting position in output file [ipos]

       -O, --reopen-on-error
              reopen input file after every read error

       -p, --preallocate
              preallocate space on disc for output file

       -P, --data-preview[=<lines>]
              show some lines of the latest data read [3]

       -q, --quiet
              suppress all messages

       -r, --retry-passes=<n>
              exit after <n> retry passes (-1=infinity) [0]

       -R, --reverse
              reverse the direction of all passes

       -s, --size=<bytes>
              maximum size of input data to be copied

       -S, --sparse
              use sparse writes for output file

       -t, --truncate
              truncate output file to zero size

       -T, --timeout=<interval>
              maximum time since last successful read

       -u, --unidirectional
              run all passes in the same direction

       -v, --verbose
              be verbose (a 2nd -v gives more)

       -w, --ignore-write-errors
              make fill mode ignore write errors

       -x, --extend-outfile=<bytes>
              extend outfile size to be at least this long

       -X, --exit-on-error
              exit after the first read error

       -1, --log-rates=<file>
              log rates and error sizes in file

       -2, --log-reads=<file>
              log all read operations in file

       --ask  ask for confirmation before starting the copy

       --cpass=<n>[,<n>]
              select what copying pass(es) to run

       --pause=<interval>
              time to wait between passes [0]

       Numbers may be in decimal, hexadecimal or octal, and may be followed by a multiplier: s = sectors, k = 1000, Ki = 1024, M = 10^6, Mi = 2^20, etc...  Time intervals have the format 1[.5][smhd] or
       1/2[smhd].

       Exit status: 0 for a normal exit, 1 for environmental problems (file not found, invalid flags, I/O errors, etc), 2 to indicate a corrupt or invalid input file,  3  for  an  internal  consistency
       error (eg, bug) which caused ddrescue to panic.

REPORTING BUGS
       Report bugs to [email protected]
       Ddrescue home page: http://www.gnu.org/software/ddrescue/ddrescue.html
       General help using GNU software: http://www.gnu.org/gethelp

COPYRIGHT
       Copyright © 2014 Antonio Diaz Diaz.  License GPLv2+: GNU GPL version 2 or later <http://gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html>
       This is free software: you are free to change and redistribute it.  There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law.

SEE ALSO
       The full documentation for ddrescue is maintained as a Texinfo manual.  If the info and ddrescue programs are properly installed at your site, the command

              info ddrescue

       should give you access to the complete manual.

ddrescue 1.19                                                                                  October 2014                                                                                   DDRESCUE(1)