2019-04-13 Saturday: 8 Weird news

Greg Malivuk
gmalivuk@staffordhouse.com
http://www.pastebin.com/u/gmalivuk
2019-04-06 Saturday: 7 Living space
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Homework: write a promotional description of where you live now, similar to the one on p. 89. Try to convince people that they would like to live there
ALSO: read p. 99 and do parts 2, 3, 4 on p. 98
(optional: p. 165 grammar practice)
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part 2
1 She crashed on Nikumaroro Island
2 DNA testing
3 It would prove that she really died on the island.
part 3
1 His family is funding the project
2 There are no known hair samples.
3 Human DNA is 99% identical, so if they don’t have enough, they can’t tell the difference between one person and another.
part 4
1 funding
2 reveal
3 archive
4 ensure
5 assumption
6 profile
7 identical
8 log
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Word roots where ‘ch’ sounds like /k/:
arch(+vowel), chem, chrom, chron, mech, tech, psych
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find - found
fund - funded
found - founded
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p. 94 - What are the things in the pictures, do you think?
part 2 - Use the words from the box to complete the sentences. Use a dictionary (or image search) if you’re unsure about a word.
1 Nitrogen, oxygen, atmosphere
2 butterflies, flies, insects
3 Radiation
4 Ants, beetles
5 stem
6 Particles
7 Predators, species
8 spikes
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Plants can have spikes, needles, or thorns.
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Listen to the audio descriptions. Write the number of the picture next to each vocabulary word.
part 4 - Listen again and decide if these sentences are true or false.
1 F
2 T
3 T
4 T
5 F
6 T
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Grammar: modals for speculation and conclusions about the present
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They can’t be natural. = I think it’s impossible that they’re natural.
They must be man-made. = I think they are man-made. I’m pretty sure.
This might be a painting or a work of art. = It’s possible that it’s a painting or a work of art.
It may not seem logical. = It’s possible that it’s not logical.
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There are similarities between these and modals for advice and obligation (unit 6)
must:
	You must arrive before 7. = Your only option is to arrive before 7.
	You must be tired after that run. = The only reasonable conclusion is that you’re tired.

may/might/could:
	You could cook it in the microwave. = One of several options is to cook it in the microwave.
	She could be sick today. = One of several possibilities/explanations is that she’s sick.

may/might not:
	(We don’t really use it this way for advice/obligation.)
	She might not be feeling well today. = One of several possibilities is that she’s not feeling well.

must not:
	You must not arrive late. = Arriving late is not an option.
					= The only option is not to arrive late.
	She must not be at home. = It’s not a reasonable conclusion that she’s at home.
					= The only reasonable conclusion is that she’s not at home.
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can’t for conclusions is different from obligations:
	She can’t/couldn’t be at home. = I think it’s impossible that she’s at home.
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p. 166 practice 1 - Complete the sentences with may, may not, must, must not, could, or couldn’t.
1 must be
2 may/might/could be
3 must not live
4 could/might/may have
5 must recognize
6 can’t be / couldn’t be / must not be
7 may not / might not
8 must be coming
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not + either = neither
Neither do I. = I don’t either.
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English is difficult. It can be understood through tough thorough thought, though.
= English is difficult, but you can understand it if you think about it hard.
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BREAK
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p. 96 part 1 - Complete the questions with the correct words. Then ask your partner these questions.
1 ancient
2 period
3 prehistoric
4 century
5 sacred
6 society
tradition = something people do and have done for a long time
belief = something people believe
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Read the article about desert art. What sentences speculate about the past?
The Nazca people couldn’t have seen them from above.
The lines must have been part of an astronomical calendar.
They might have been ancient Inca roads.
They could have been landing strips for alien spacecraft.
Water must have had an incredible significance.
This must have seemed an astonishing phenomenon.
The same group of people can’t have created them.
The Nazca lines may have been part of a long tradition of ceremonial activites.
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Grammar: modals for speculation and conclusions about the past
modal + have + past participle
(The meaning of each modal is the same as we talked about before break.)
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p. 97 part 8 - rewrite the sentences using the correct modal with “have” and the past participle.
1 Water can’t have been easy to find.
2 The rivers might have dried up.
3 The lines must have been very important.
4 The lines may have had a religious significance.
5 The animal drawings couldn’t have been roads.
6 The animals must have lived in the region.
7 The Nazca people could have used simple tools.
8 People must have maintained the lines carefully.
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Look at the pictures and descriptions of historical/ancient objects. What do you think these could have been used for in the past? Speculate and draw conclusions in your group.
Hint: All of these originally had a practical, physical use. They weren’t used only for decoration or for religious purposes.
1 It might have been used as a sacred object. People could have used it for remembering children.
	It was a pillow.
2 It may have been an earring. People may have used this object as a pin or belt.
	It was a brooch or clasp.
3 Those objects may have been a mirror and a tool for cutting hair. They might have been used to carve or build something from stone. People could have used them for cooking.
	They were a mirror and razor.
4 It might have been used by travelers to make animal sounds. It could have been a mask.
	These were snow goggles.
5 It might have been used like a map.
	It was a map.
https://ed.ted.com/lessons/how-did-polynesian-wayfinders-navigate-the-pacific-ocean-alan-tamayose-and-shantell-de-silva - Video explaining the techniques Polynesians used to navigate.
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p. 89 part 6 - “like” and “as”
Basically, “like” means something is similar to another thing, “as” means something *is* the other thing

I cried like a baby. = I cried similarly to how babies cry (sometime more recently).
I cried as a baby. = I cried when I was a baby.

I’m tall like my dad. = My height is similar to my dad’s height.
I’m as tall as my dad. = My height is (the same as) my dad’s height.
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We can give examples with “like” and “such as”
There are many places to eat like McDonald’s and Wendy’s. = ...such as McDonald’s and Wendy’s.
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Sometimes, “as” can mean “because”
We stayed inside for lunch, as it was raining a lot.
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part 6 - Use “like” or “as” to complete the sentences.
1 As (I am a life-long resident.)
2 like
3 as (It is a possible vacation destination.)
4 like
5 Like
6 like
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Homework: units 7 and 8 test