2015-04-01 Structure: past advisability modals

Greg Malivuk
greg.malivuk@gmail.com
http://www.pastebin.com/u/gmalivuk
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p. 246 exercise 1
have to complete - necessity
you must have an email address - necessity
you must be 13 or older - necessity
Do I really have to provide - necessity
you will be able to hide - ability
Do I have to post a photo - necessity
you ought to give - advice
Can someone post - ability
people don’t have to ask - necessity
the poster really ought to get permission - advice
Facebook cannot remove a photo - ability
you can choose to remove - ability
There must be some dangers - conclusion (= I’m pretty sure there are dangers.)
What should I do - advice
You must not give - prohibition (very strong advice)
you should never give - advice
strangers could use - ability / future possibility
you may encounter - future possibility
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Homework: p. 247-249 exercises 2 and 3
exercise 2
1 a can’t
  b has got to
  c ‘d better
  d should
2 a ‘ll be able to
  b can’t
  c ought to
  d ‘ll have to
  e may not
  f Should
3 a can
  b could (It’s possible that next week will be the last time
  c can    you are able to chat with your friends.)
  d must
  e be able to
  f could
4 a must
  b should
  c may not (It’s possible she’s not the best, but she’s pretty good.)
  d has to (“I’m sure of it”)
  e couldn’t
  f must (It’s necessary for her to go to sleep now - look at 1d.)
exercise 3
1 couldn’t believe
2 couldn’t be
3 can keep (ability)
4 may get rid of (future possibility)
5 should be
6 had to (can’t use “must” for past necessity)
7 must not know (conclusion - I’m pretty sure, but it’s not impossible)
8 won’t have to = will not have to
9 may/might go
10 should get on
11 could win (you’re not on the show now, so it’s not a present ability you have, it’s just a future possibility)
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You always get perfect grades. You must study a lot. (conclusion)
You need to get better grades. You must study a lot. (necessity)
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p. 254 exercise 9 - take the quiz individually, then discuss your answers in groups of 3
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“Survivorman” - show where one man goes into the forest or desert and has to survive by himself for a week (he has no help from a crew or other people)
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Advisability in the Past
p. 257
regret: a sad feeling about something in the past that didn’t happen the way you wanted
“woulda/coulda/shoulda” = we often pronounce “would have, could have, should have”
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I should study more. = It is a good idea to study more.
I should have studied more. = It was a good idea to study, but I didn’t study enough.
= I ought to have studied more.

I shouldn’t drink so much. = It is not a good idea to drink so much.
I shouldn’t have drunk so much. = It wasn’t a good idea, but I drank too much.

You might call me. = It’s possible you will call me.
You might have called me. = It was possible for you to call me (but you didn’t).
= You could have called me.
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You might/could have called me so I could decide for myself.
= You didn’t call me and I am unhappy about this.

You might/could have called me, but my phone hasn’t been working.
= Maybe you called me, but I’m not sure.
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p. 262 exercise 1
1 a (I called him but now I regret it.)
2 b
3 a
4 b
5 a
6 b (They lent him their car and then maybe something bad happened.)
7 a
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Homework: p. 256 (more review of present/future modals)
(You should also read the grammar notes on p. 243-245 if you haven’t already.)