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tacky voltage indicator

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Aug 26th, 2012
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  1. R1 V D1 R3
  2. Vcc o----/\/\/\-----+-----|>|-------/\/\/\----+
  3. | |
  4. \ |
  5. / R2 |
  6. \ |
  7. | |
  8. GND o-------------------------+
  9.  
  10. I1=I2+I3
  11. V=Vcc-I1R1
  12. V=I2R2
  13. V=Vd+I3R3
  14. Vd is the forward voltage drop in the diode, we'll assume 2V, that could be an orange or red LED.
  15.  
  16. After choosing a low value for R3 and low-ish values for the R1-R2 voltage divider in order to get V a bit above Vd when Vcc=5V, and tweaking it a bit, we can use for instance these values for the resistors:
  17. R1=200ohm
  18. R2=160ohm
  19. R3=50ohm
  20.  
  21. When Vcc=5V => V=2.08V, I2=13mA I3=1.6mA
  22. When Vcc=4.5 => V=2V, I2=12.5mA I3=0mA
  23. Basically, I3, the current going through the LED, decreases rapidly as we go from Vcc=5V to Vcc=4.5V
  24.  
  25. With Vd=2.1V (orange LED) and R3=20ohm it would be dimmer (I3=1.12mA) and it would also go out pretty soon, before Vcc hitting 4.7V
  26. With Vd=1.8V (red LED) and R3=200ohm, it would be bright at Vcc=5V (I3=1.4mA) and it would be half as bright at 4.5V (I3=0.7mA), finally dying out at 4V or so.
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