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- R1 V D1 R3
- Vcc o----/\/\/\-----+-----|>|-------/\/\/\----+
- | |
- \ |
- / R2 |
- \ |
- | |
- GND o-------------------------+
- I1=I2+I3
- V=Vcc-I1R1
- V=I2R2
- V=Vd+I3R3
- Vd is the forward voltage drop in the diode, we'll assume 2V, that could be an orange or red LED.
- After choosing a low value for R3 and low-ish values for the R1-R2 voltage divider in order to get V a bit above Vd when Vcc=5V, and tweaking it a bit, we can use for instance these values for the resistors:
- R1=200ohm
- R2=160ohm
- R3=50ohm
- When Vcc=5V => V=2.08V, I2=13mA I3=1.6mA
- When Vcc=4.5 => V=2V, I2=12.5mA I3=0mA
- Basically, I3, the current going through the LED, decreases rapidly as we go from Vcc=5V to Vcc=4.5V
- With Vd=2.1V (orange LED) and R3=20ohm it would be dimmer (I3=1.12mA) and it would also go out pretty soon, before Vcc hitting 4.7V
- With Vd=1.8V (red LED) and R3=200ohm, it would be bright at Vcc=5V (I3=1.4mA) and it would be half as bright at 4.5V (I3=0.7mA), finally dying out at 4V or so.
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