2019-02-20 Grammar: negative and sg/pl quantifiers

Greg Malivuk
gmalivuk@staffordhouse.com
http://www.pastebin.com/u/gmalivuk - Notes from all classes
---
Homework: p. 362 exercise 4 - Complete these sentences with affirmative or negative quantifiers.
1 few (They are disappointed because not enough people passed.)
2 a little
3 a few (We don’t use “only” with negative quantifiers.)
4 little (They worked “so long” that now there is almost no time to prepare.)
5 few (It’s expensive because there are hardly any scholarships.)
6 little (If he didn’t pass as a result, it means he didn’t put enough effort into studying.)
7 a few (Emphasizing that it’s more than just one or two.)
8 little (“Several schools” means it was easy.)
---
If you can replace the quantifier with “some” and keep a similar meaning, use “a few” or “a little”.
If you can replace it with “hardly any” or “almost no”, use “few” or “little”.
---
Focus 3: singular and plural quantifiers (for countable nouns)
---
All students must attend school. (Most quantifiers are plural.)
	some students / many students / several students / a few students / a lot of students / etc.
Every student must attend school. (A few are singular.)
	each student
	every student
	no student (or “no students”; “no” can be singular or plural)
	one student
	either student
	neither student
---
p. 363 exercise 6 - Rewrite the sentences to use singular quantifiers.
1 Every doctor must complete their residency within two years. (singular “they”)
2 Each/Every parent wants their child(ren) to succeed in life.
3 Peter spends every free weekend at the beach.
4 Each person who came to the examination brought a calculator.
5 A wise student takes advantage of any/every/each opportunity to gain practical experience.
---
“Any” in an affirmative statement is similar to “each”, but also requires the idea of possibility or choice.
Any teacher can help you. - OK, because “can” means there’s an element of possibility or choice.
Any teacher helped you. - WRONG, because the simple past removes the possibility, and we can’t use “any” in this situation.

Just ask anyone. - OK, because you can still choose who to ask.
I asked anyone. - WRONG
---
p. 364 exercise 7 - With a partner, complete the sentences so they’re true for (at least one of) you.
1 Each student in this class has a handout.
2 Every teacher I have had has supported me.
3 Any English class can be good.
4 No student came to class on Monday.
5 No teachers were teaching on Sunday.