Program with unexpected ub on arm64 Mac

( cargo.toml )
[package]
name = "discrete"
version = "0.1.0"
edition = "2021"

# See more keys and their definitions at https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/reference/manifest.html

[dependencies]
bit-set = "0.5.3"
clap = { version = "4.4.14", features = ["derive"] }
clap_derive = { version = "4.0.0-rc.1" }
itertools = "0.12.0"
rayon = "1.8.0"

(src/main.rs)
use bit_set::BitSet;
use itertools::Itertools;
use rayon::prelude::*;

use core::sync::atomic::*;

use clap::Parser;

#[derive(Parser, Debug)]
#[command()]
struct Args {
    /// Number of dimensions
    #[arg(short, long, default_value_t = 2)]
    dimensions: usize,

    /// Number of points to place
    #[arg(long = "pts", default_value_t = 7)]
    n_pts: usize,

    /// Side of hypercube to place points in
    #[arg(long = "side", default_value_t = 7)]
    side: u8,

    /// List or count
    #[arg(long = "display", default_value_t = false)]
    display: bool,
}

fn dist(u: &[u8], v: &[u8]) -> u16 {
    (u.iter()
        .zip(v.iter())
        .map(|a| ((*a.0 as i16 - *a.1 as i16) * (*a.0 as i16 - *a.1 as i16)))
        .sum::<i16>()) as u16
}

fn distances(u: &[Vec<u8>]) -> Vec<u16> {
    u.iter()
        .tuple_combinations::<(_, _)>()
        .map(|a| dist(a.0, a.1))
        .collect()
}

fn distance_bitset(u: &[Vec<u8>]) -> BitSet {
    let mut bs = BitSet::new();
    for a in distances(u) {
        bs.insert(a as usize);
    }
    bs
}

fn hypercube_points(dim: usize, bound: u8) -> Vec<Vec<u8>> {
    let jj = (1..=dim).map(|_| 0..bound);
    jj.multi_cartesian_product().collect()
}

fn extend(v: Vec<Vec<u8>>, target_ln: usize, universe: &[Vec<u8>], actor: &dyn ResultAcceptor) {
    if v.len() == target_ln {
        actor.act(&v);
        return;
    }
    let dd0 = distance_bitset(&v);
    for vx in 0..(*universe).len() {
        let np = &universe[vx];
        let mut nds = dd0.clone();
        let mut ok = true;
        for w in &v {
            let xd = dist(w, np) as usize;
            if nds.contains(xd) {
                ok = false;
                break;
            }
            nds.insert(xd);
        }
        if ok {
            let mut nv = v.clone();
            nv.push((*np).clone());
            extend(nv, target_ln, &universe[(1 + vx)..], actor);
        }
    }
}

trait ResultAcceptor {
    fn act(&self, v: &[Vec<u8>]);
}

struct ResultCounter {
    c: AtomicU64,
}

struct ResultPrinter {}

impl ResultAcceptor for ResultPrinter {
    fn act(&self, v: &[Vec<u8>]) {
        let mut sds = distances(v);
        sds.sort();
        println!("Found {:?} {:?}", v, sds);
    }
}

impl ResultAcceptor for ResultCounter {
    fn act(&self, _v: &[Vec<u8>]) {
        _ = self.c.fetch_add(1, Ordering::SeqCst);
    }
}

impl ResultCounter {
    fn new() -> ResultCounter {
        ResultCounter {
            c: AtomicU64::new(0),
        }
    }
    fn get_count(&self) -> u64 {
        self.c.load(Ordering::SeqCst)
    }
}

fn main() {
    let args = Args::parse();

    let pts = hypercube_points(args.dimensions, args.side);
    let mut tasks = (0..(pts.len() - 1))
        .tuple_combinations::<(_, _)>()
        .collect::<Vec<(usize, usize)>>();
    // par_iter seems to start at the end of the vector
    // and the larger jobs are at the start
    // so to avoid a single-threaded tail this is useful
    tasks.reverse();

    let counter = ResultCounter::new();
    let printer = ResultPrinter {};
    if args.display {
        let _ = tasks
            .par_iter()
            .map(|a| {
                eprint!("  {} {}    \r", a.0, a.1);
                extend(
                    vec![pts[a.0].clone(), pts[a.1].clone()],
                    args.n_pts,
                    &pts[(1 + a.1)..],
                    &printer,
                )
            })
            .count();
    } else {
        let _ = tasks
            .par_iter()
            .map(|a| {
                eprint!("  {} {}    \r", a.0, a.1);
                extend(
                    vec![pts[a.0].clone(), pts[a.1].clone()],
                    args.n_pts,
                    &pts[(1 + a.1)..],
                    &counter,
                )
            })
            .count();
    }
    if !args.display {
        println!("\n\n  Found {} answers", counter.get_count());
    }
}