// Michael Lee
// Tuesday, April 14, 2015
// Sample program: StackDeck.java
//
// This class represents a deck of cards, which you can shuffle
// and manipulate.

import java.util.List;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.NoSuchElementException;
import cse143.util.Stack;
import cse143.util.ArrayStack;

public class StackDeck implements Deck {
    private Stack<String> cards;

    // Creates an empty deck of cards.
    public StackDeck() {
        this.cards = new ArrayStack<String>();
    }

    // Returns the number of cards in the deck.
    public int size() {
        return this.cards.size();
    }

    // Returns 'true' if the deck contains no cards, returns 'false' otherwise.
    public boolean isEmpty() {
        return this.cards.isEmpty();
    }

    // Removes and returns the card currently at the top of the deck.
    //
    // Preconditions:
    // - The deck is not empty (otherwise throws NoSuchElementException)
    public String dealCard() {
        this.failIfUnableToRemove(1);
        return this.cards.pop();
    }

    // Returns the requested amount of cards from the top of the deck.
    //
    // Preconditions:
    // - "amount" must not be negative (otherwise throws IllegalArgumentException)
    // - "amount" must not exceed the size of the deck
    //   (otherwise throws NoSuchElementException)
    //
    // Postconditions:
    // - Returns a new Deck containing the cards, with the card at the
    //   top of this deck located at the bottom of the returned one.
    public Deck dealCards(int amount) {
        this.failIfUnableToRemove(amount);
        Deck output = new StackDeck();
        this.transfer(this.cards, output.cards, amount);
        return output;
    }

    // Adds a card to the top of the deck.
    //
    // Preconditions:
    // - The card is not null
    public void addCard(String card) {
        this.cards.push(card);
    }

    // Moves all the cards in the other deck to this one.
    //
    // Preconditions:
    // - "other" must not be null
    //
    // Postconditions:
    // - The other deck will be emptied of all cards
    public void mergeDeck(Deck other) {
        this.transfer(other.cards, this.cards);
    }

    // Randomly shuffles the cards in the deck in place.
    public void shuffle() {
        // Implements a riffle shuffle -- splits the deck in two,
        // and splices the two together.
        // Note: this is an _imperfect_ shuffle. It doesn't actually
        // randomly shuffle the deck in any way, making this a rigged deck.

        int half = this.size() / 2;
        Stack<String> temp1 = new ArrayStack<String>();
        Stack<String> temp2 = new ArrayStack<String>();

        // Split the deck in two
        this.transfer(this.cards, temp1, half);
        this.transfer(this.cards, temp2); // move everything else

        // Take one card at a time from each half and add it back
        for (int j = 0; j < half; j++) {
            this.cards.push(temp1.pop());
            this.cards.push(temp2.pop());
        }

        // Take care of the last card if we have an odd number of cards
        if (!temp2.isEmpty()) {
            this.cards.push(temp2.pop());
        }
    }

    // Returns a copy of the contents of the card as a list without modifying
    // the deck itself.
    //
    // Postconditions:
    // - The card at the top of the deck will be placed at the end of the list.
    public List<String> toList() {
        Stack<String> temp = new ArrayStack<String>();
        List<String> output = new ArrayList<String>();

        // Move cards to temp stack, reversing it. The bottom card is now
        // at the top of the stack.
        this.transfer(this.cards, temp);

        // Moves everything back, and adds to the list in the correct order
        while (!temp.isEmpty()) {
            String card = this.move(temp, this.cards);
            output.add(card);
        }

        return output;
    }

    // Returns a string representing this deck.
    //
    // Postconditions:
    // - Each card will be separated by comma, surrounded by brackets
    // - The card at the top of the deck will be placed at the end of the string.
    //
    // Example of output:
    //
    //     [King of Spades, 9 of Hearts, Ace of Clubs, 4 of Spades, ...]
    //
    public String toString() {
        if (this.isEmpty()) {
            return "[]";
        } else {
            Stack<String> temp = new ArrayStack<String>();
            String output = this.move(this.cards, temp);

            // Note: adds to the back of the string, not the front
            // (so I can fencepost)
            while (!this.cards.isEmpty()) {
                String card = this.move(cards, temp);
                output = card + ", " + output;
            }

            // Restores the stack
            this.transfer(temp, this.cards);

            return "[" + output + "]";
        }
    }

    // Transfers everything in the 'src' stack to the 'dest' stack.
    //
    // Preconditions:
    // - Neither stack should be null
    private void transfer(Stack<String> src, Stack<String> dest) {
        this.transfer(src, dest, src.size());
    }

    // Transfers the top 'amount' of elements from the 'src' stack to
    // the 'dest' stack.
    //
    // Preconditions:
    // - Neither stack should be null
    // - The src stack must have at least 'amount' number of elements
    // - The amount must not be negative
    private void transfer(Stack<String> src, Stack<String> dest, int amount) {
        for (int i = 0; i < amount; i++) {
            dest.push(src.pop());
        }
    }

    // Moves one element from 'src' to 'dest', but returns that one element.
    //
    // Preconditions:
    // - Neither stack should be null.
    // - The 'src' stack must have at least one element.
    private String move(Stack<String> src, Stack<String> dest) {
        String card = src.pop();
        dest.push(card);
        return card;
    }

    // Throws an NoSuchElementException if it is not possible to remove
    // "n" cards from the deck, otherwise does nothing.
    private void failIfUnableToRemove(int n) {
        if (this.size() < n) {
            throw new NoSuchElementException("Deck doesn't contain enough cards");
        }
    }
}