Plato - discard your hand, draw that many cards (" knowledge is not empirical, and that it comes from divine insight")

Aristotle - one player reveals their hand ("all peoples' concepts and all of their knowledge was ultimately based on perception")

Nietzsche - cannot be countered normally, can be countered by any school philosopher with higher strength ("Nietzsche asserts that what made people great was not the content of their beliefs, but the act of valuing")

Socrates - reverses the order of strength valuation ("he himself knew he was not wise at all, which, paradoxically, made him the wiser one since he was the only person aware of his own ignorance")

Newton- Copy the effect of the philosopher 3 cards down in the community pile"If I have seen further it is by standing on the shoulders of giants."

Epicurus [Friend to All] - Immediately play any other Philosopher from your hand, resolving their ability. The next player must then counter that Philosopher.

Epicurus [Original Atheist] - Until your next turn, no player may resolve Philosopher abilities.

Epicurus [Pursuer of Ataraxia] - A player who wishes to counter this Philosopher must discard a card from their hand to do so.

Diogenes - When faced against cards he's weak against, Diogenes can disregard the debate wheel and simply tell the man to stand out of his sunlight, temporarily turning into a stronger color than the opposing card.

Rene Descartes [Give Her The Dick] - Counters anyone, countered by anyone.