2016-06-29 Core: 2 dance, gerunds / infinitives

Greg Malivuk
greg.malivuk@gmail.com
http://www.pastebin.com/u/gmalivuk - notes from all classes
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Goals for Today:
Use present perfect to describe personal experiences.
Recognize gerund and infinitive forms of verbs.
Recall and use lexis for dance.
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Yesterday’s Homework: p. 23 parts 9, 11, 12
part 9
1 has grown (“the number” is the subject)
2 have taken over
3 has become (“buying” is the subject; gerunds are noncount)
4 has also gotten
5 have started
6 have found (“some [artists]” is the subject)
part 12
1 d yet
2 a already
3 yet b
4 just c
part 11 - In pairs, compare your sentences.
1 have lived, one year
2 have been, March 21
3 have known, 2011
4 haven’t listened to John Lennon
5 have always wanted to be a doctor
6 have never had a pet cat
7 have studied, 2015
8 have been, six weeks / 30 minutes
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Two Truths and a Lie
Write three sentences about your experiences in present perfect. Two of the sentences must be true and the other sentence must be a lie.
Then read your sentences to the class and we will try to guess which one is false.
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I have never… (like “I have no money.”)
I haven’t ever… (like “I don’t have any money.”)
*I have been to South Africa at the end of March.
	(“the end of March” is finished, so we have to use simple past)
-> I have been to South Africa this year. (“this year” is not finished, so this is okay)
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I was in Paris on Christmas. = I was in Paris on December 25, 2015.
I have been in Paris on Christmas. = I was in Paris one Christmas during my life.
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Vocabulary: types of dance
On a piece of paper, take 2 minutes to write as many different kinds of dance as you can think of.
In your group, compare your lists. Do you know about the dances your partners wrote? Do you know how to do any of these dances?
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p. 24 - Read the article about dance in America.
part 3 - What are the reasons people dance? What are the effects?
reasons: a way of having a social life, to celebrate, to fill the time
effects: makes them feel young, changes their mood, reminds her she’s alive
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part 4 - With your partner, write a few other things people do for these reasons.
1 sports, exercise, eat healthy, sleep early, spend time with younger people, plastic surgery, positive thinking, drink alcohol
2 go to clubs and bars, go to events and activities, go to the library, use social media, talk to strangers on the train, join a meetup group, use a dating app, join a church/temple/mosque, travel
3 join a group, have a hobby, go on activities, go out with people you know from school, go to sporting events, go to concerts, go to the beach, make plans with your friends, start a game night
4 listen to music, drink alcohol, watch movies, use drugs, take a trip, begin a relationship, do dangerous activities, read a book, buy something (“retail therapy”), be crazy, eat too much, eat sweets, eat spicy food, sleep, work out, fight, cry, make a change to your appearance
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Grammar: gerunds and infinitives

gerund = verb(ing), used as a noun
	Remember that verb(ing) can also be an adjective or part of the verb:
	This is a confusing class. (confusing = adjective)
	The teacher is confusing me right now. (confusing = part of the present continuous verb)
The teacher enjoys confusing his students. (confusing = gerund - object of “enjoys”)

Gerunds can be objects of verbs (enjoy doing, love doing, adore doing, imagine doing, etc.)
Gerunds can be objects of prepositions (way of meeting, talk about doing, worry about failing)
Gerunds can be subjects (Teaching dance is wonderful. Smoking is unhealthy. Dancing reminds me.)

infinitive = to + base form
Infinitives can be objects of verbs (seems to change, learning to do, want to do, etc.)
Infinitives can express purpose (We dance to make ourselves feel better. I went to the store to buy milk.)
Infinitives can come after adjectives (It’s marvelous to watch them. It’s important to study.)
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part 8 - Complete the sentences with the correct forms of the verb. Then compare with your partner: are the sentences true about you?
1 doing (enjoy + gerund)
2 Painting (subject = gerund)
3 to be (“hard” is an adjective)
4 changing (imagine + gerund)
5 to learn (“old” is an adjective, too… + infinitive)
6 to play (learn + infinitive)
7 trying (“about” is a preposition)
8 to find (seem + infinitive)
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p. 158 practice 2 - Choose the correct form to complete each sentence (and explain why it’s correct)
1 to meet / meeting (like + gerund or infinitive)
2 to listen (“cheerful” is an adjective)
3 seeing (enjoy + gerund)
4 to visit (want + infinitive)
5 Acting (subject)
6 telling (“at” is a preposition)
7 to buy (need + infinitive)
8 being (remember + gerund = it was a real past action that I can remember now)
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Verbs that change meaning with gerund or infinitive:
I remember locking the door. = I remember that I did this in the past.
I remember to lock the door. = I remember that I have to do this in the future.

I stopped eating. = I was eating and then I stopped.
I stopped to eat. = I stopped another action in order to eat. (This is an infinitive of purpose.)

I tried opening the window. = I opened the window (but it didn’t help with a problem).
I tried to open the window. = I attempted it, but I couldn’t open the window.
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Something else to remember: “to” can be a preposition and have a gerund after it
I look forward to meeting them.
I am accustomed to walking in the snow. = I am used to walking in the snow.
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Homework: p. 26 parts 3, 4, 5 (about the reading on 27)