2020-02-11 Grammar: tense/aspect overview

Greg Malivuk
gmalivuk@staffordhouse.com
http://www.pastebin.com/u/gmalivuk - Notes from all classes
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We can divide tenses into time frame and aspect.
time frame = past, present, future
aspect = simple, progressive, perfect, perfect progressive
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progressive = [be] + verb(ing)
perfect = [have] + past participle
perfect progressive = [have] + been + verb(ing)
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p. 3 exercise 1 - Identify the time frame of each paragraph. Then underline and identify the aspects of each verb phrase in 1 and 2.
1 past
2 present
3 future
4 past
5 present
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Typically, we keep the same time frame for a full paragraph.
p. 5 exercise 4 - Decide what time frame each paragraph should be in, then complete the sentences with the correct verb forms.
1 future
  a will be (“will be playing” = future progressive)
  b will be (“will be” = simple future)
  c will have completed = future perfect
2 past
  a had = simple past
  b was walking = past progressive/continuous
  c saw = simple past
  d had gone = past perfect
3 present
  a has
  b is driving
  c gets
  d lives
  e takes
4 past
  a was
  b was believed
  c was playing
  d burned
5 present
  a are
  b is changing
  c believe
  d has resulted
  e are burned
  f increases
  g causes
  h is
  i has begun (better: “has already begun”)
  j have discovered
  k has risen
6 future
  a will leave (or “is going to leave” or “is leaving” or “leaves”)
  b will be staying
  c will find (better: “will probably find”)
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Many adverbs go after the first helping verb and before all the other verbs.
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We can switch time frames if, for example, we’re talking about a specific event in the past and also making a general statement about the present.
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p. 4 - How much of this irregular verb chart can you do from memory?
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Homework (optional): complete the verb chart