2020-11-03 TOEFL: R inference, L practice

Greg Malivuk
greg.malivuk@gmail.com
https://pastebin.com/u/gmalivuk - Notes from all classes
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Reading Question Types:
- fact
- negative fact
- vocabulary
- paraphrase / sentence simplification
- inference
- purpose / method
- sentence insertion
- summary
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You can infer something that is implied or stated indirectly. (Readers/listeners infer things, writers and speaker imply things.)
The correct answer choice will be something that isn’t stated directly, but that must be true in order for other information in the passage to be true.
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Exercise R17 (p. 5 of the handout)
1 Yes
2 Yes
3 No - Sometimes things happen at the same time without one being the cause of the other.
4 Yes - “The rest” means all of the others, so nine more.
5 No - Nothing in the original sentence can be used to make this kind of prediction.
6 Yes
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- An incorrect answer choice might introduce a “because” that cannot be inferred.

If A and B happen at or around the same time, there are several possibilities:
A caused B
B caused A
C caused A and B
A and B are unrelated
(If A happened first, and then B happened, we can eliminate “B caused A”, but the other options are still all possible.)
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“John was the fastest runner who had ever attended that school.”
“Ted, who went to the same school, was a slower runner than John.”
- We wouldn’t naturally infer the second statement just from reading the first, but once we see it, we know it must be true.
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Exercise R15 (p. 1-2) - choose all the inferences that can be made from the original statement (sometimes more than one answer is correct)
1 C
2 B (maybe D, though the sentence is about restoring villages, not plans)
3 B D
4 A B
5 B C (We can infer that the elephants live in forests, and if the forests are cleared for agriculture that means people are destroying elephant habitat to make farms.)
6 B D
7 A C
8 B C (Morphine is the best at controlling pain, so it must be better than cocaine.)
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This class will be online again tomorrow (not in school).
On Thursday, there will be no second half of this class (3:25-4:25pm EST) for a teachers’ meeting.
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four sections in this order
1) Reading
2) Listening
	(10-minute break)
3) Speaking
4) Writing
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BREAK
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Take 30 minutes to answer the first 17 questions of the Test 2 Listening handout.
Then submit your answers on the Google Form I sent you in the chat.
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Homework: p. 9-11 of the Reading Inference handout - exercise 3.1