G with circonflex = does not work
u with dots = does work
i minus dot = does work
c with cedile = does work



Lesser Bodyguard: Begler Atlıg Yaçit = Lord or Chieftain's Horse Archers
(Hunnic Chieftains' Horse Archers) The ostensible egalitarianism of the pastoral nomad belies a complex hierarchy of relationships found among the tribes. Begs - those countless chieftains, tribal lords and notables, dwell in multitude. And each have their own personal followings of warrior-companions. These blood-brothers-in-arms receive great arms and armor in exchange for their loyal service - mail hauberks, lamellar corselets, sturdy helmets and shields and sharp elegant swords. Begs is an old word which survived well into the twilight of the Ottoman Empire. It originated early in old Turkic, conveying a consistent sense of aristocracy and lordship. In this context the begler are meant to convey chieftains and their closest followers, analogous to the personal comitatus of Germanic kings and nobles.

Senior Bodyguard: Kagan Atlıg Yaçit = King's Horse Archers
Men sworn to the great king and none other, guarding him or his most trusted generals with their lives. An ancient term likely pre-dating the Turkic people, meaning quite simply "an independent ruler of a tribe or people" - a king, in other words. The more ambitious might affix the title of being the king of kings to their name, but even a mere 'king' answers to none but the lord of heaven above.


T5: Ordu (Royal)
T4: Kadaş (Companions/Kinsmen)
T3: Alpagut (chosen/picked)
T2: Udmak (Retainers)
T1: Bodun (Commoners)


Tier 5 Horse Archer: Ordu Atlıg Yaçit = Royal Horse Archers
(Royal Horse Archers) Only the greatest of warriors are counted among the followers and companions of royalty. Wealth of martial spirit is backed up by a peerless wealth in equipment: horse-barding of lacquered leather and hard-iron, long cuirasses of lamellar with splint-armored greaves and bracers and mail corselets. True cataphracts with the Huns' natural skill at archery means these warriors are terrifying to face from afar and up close. Ordu is the origin of the Western word 'horde', meaning originally 'royal camp', 'military camp', and eventually just 'army'. What is associated with the word among Turkic languages could not be more different than how the West associates the term. To those brutalized by the steppe dwellers, 'horde' conveys the terrifying apocalypse of centaur-like horsemen, filthy and savage like gibbering demons of hell. By those who dwelt in the steppe it spoke to the august power of the royal king, being the royal camp/capital/palace. Inevitably it came to possess an association with royal power, much like palatial status spoke to the prestige of certain Roman units. In this context it is applied to those who directly follow a member of the royal house - not simply being retainers of nobility sworn to the royalty.

Tier 4 Horse Archer: = Kadaş Atlıg Yaçit = Companion Horse Archers
(Hunnic Companion Cavalry) Great men demand great followers, and the personal friends and kinsmen of the Hunnic lords strive to serve their patrons. Well girt in heavy rawhide and leather cuirasses as well as mail and metal lamellar, these veritable knights of the steppe are suited to lead the charge once the enemy has been sufficiently weakened by incessant archery. The shields slung on their backs and longswords at their hip allow them to fight up close as ferociously as a Germanic or Sarmatian horseman might. Support and preference to one's kinsmen (by birth, marriage or bonds of battle) is not mere nepotism for peoples who lack strong civil society or governance. Without the institutions of a standing army martial power was largely established along lines of personal ties and fidelity. And except for perhaps the prestige of religious elders, only martial strength promised power. Like among the Sarmatians and Germans, the more followers a Hunnic notable had the greater his influence and power.


Tier 3 Horse Archer: Alpagut Atlıg Yaçit = Picked/Chosen Horse Archers
(Hunnic Chosen Horse Archers) True warriors to a man who know no art but that of battle. All possess armor, albeit chiefly of much more common and affordable rawhide and leather. Simple wicker and hide shields strapped to their forearms and long swords fit for a cavalryman complete their panoply and allow them to fight in close quarters surprisingly well for horse archers. It is in the skirmish from afar of course that their skill is greatest. Derived from 'alp', generally meaning brave and warlike, Alpagut appears to have been the earlier Turkic term for exceptional and heroic warriors. It would eventually be replaced by the more famous 'baghatur', of earlier Hsiung-nu origin yet re-introduced by the medieval Mongols. Alpagut does not appear to have as lofty an association as Baghatur (often translated as hero, knight, or champion) but with its origin from 'alp' still conveys a strong martial spirit. In this context it is applied to men unabashedly of the warrior class and identity - the rank and file soldiers who serve chieftains and warlords.


Tier 2 Horse Archer: Udmak Atlıg Yaçit = Follower/Retainer Horse Archers
(Hunnic Horse Archer Retainers) Retainers of lowly chieftains and warlords, or simply less well off members of a more prestigious following. These men are not mere shepherds marched off to war but have experience in the art of war. All but a few lack armor of any kind save for small wicker shields strapped to their forearms, yet by plunder or gift they possess keen-edged longswords capable of brutal action in hand-to-hand combat. Naturally as Huns, however, their element is in horse archery - and no nation on earth might compete with the Huns in that skill. Patronage is the sinew of any warrior-aristocratic culture lacking the mechanisms of a centralized state-army. In exchange for fealty and promises of military service the client will receive financial or social privileges from his liege-lord. Multiple branches of patronage expand the forces available to a high ruler, as his retainers have retainers of their own, who in turn have followers of their own. Udmak, the old Turkic infinitive of 'ud' (to follow) was used as a noun meaning follower, servant or retainer. In this context it is applied to the lower ranking warriors within Hunnic society - men who belong to the following of a lowly chieftain or warlord, or who are less well off members of more prestigious followings.





Tier 1 Horse Archer: Bodun Atlıg Yaçit = Tribal Mounted Archers
(Hunnic Mounted Herdsmen) Being the least experienced in war among nomads still raises these men above the mere 'levies' of the civilized world. A short spear and sophisticated composite bow are as suited to the hunting of men as of wild beasts, while the addition of a wicker and leather shield along with their more rugged upbringing affords these horse archers a greater capacity and willingness to fight in close quarters. Bodun, in old Turkic meaning the commoners, the people, the nation as a whole, is meant to convey the vast rank and file majority of any nomadic peoples - pastoral herdsmen for whom the distinction of combatant and noncombatant is moot - all men are expected to be able to fight, and even the ostensible peacetime pursuits of hunting and herding establishes practical skills for the battlefield.

Tier 1 Lancer: Alpagut Atlıg Süngüglüg = Picked/Chosen Lancers
(Hunnic Chosen Lancers) True warriors to a man who know no art but that of battle. All possess armor, albeit chiefly of much more common and affordable rawhide and leather. Simple wicker and hide shields strapped to their forearms, heavy lances and long swords fit for a cavalryman complete their panoply. Derived from 'alp', generally meaning brave and warlike, Alpagut appears to have been the earlier Turkic term for exceptional and heroic warriors. It would eventually be replaced by the more famous 'baghatur', of earlier Hsiung-nu origin yet re-introduced by the medieval Mongols. Alpagut does not appear to have as lofty an association as Baghatur (often translated as hero, knight, or champion) but with its origin from 'alp' still conveys a strong martial spirit. In this context it is applied to men unabashedly of the warrior class and identity - the rank and file soldiers who serve chieftains and warlords. It's unclear what inspired greater use of the lance - whether it was indigenous to the Huns or stimulated from their Sarmatian subjects. However by the 6th century largely Hunnic Bucellari armed with lance, sword and bow had easily become the most valuable soldiery to Roman generals like Belisarius and Narses. Similarly the next great steppe power, the Avar Khaganate, appear to have had the lance be part of their cavalrymen's standard kit.


Tier 2 Lancer: Kadaş Atlıg Süngüglüg = Companion Lancers

It's unclear what inspired greater use of the lance - whether it was indigenous to the Huns or stimulated from their Sarmatian subjects. However by the 6th century largely Hunnic Bucellari armed with lance, sword and bow had easily become the most valuable soldiery to Roman generals like Belisarius and Narses. Similarly the next great steppe power, the Avar Khaganate, appear to have had the lance be part of their cavalrymen's standard kit.

Tier 3 Lancer: Ordu Atlıg Süngüglüg = Royal Lancers
(Royal Lancers) Only the greatest of warriors are counted among the followers and companions of royalty. Wealth of martial spirit is backed up by a peerless wealth in equipment: horse-barding of lacquered leather and hard-iron, long cuirasses of lamellar with splint-armored greaves and bracers and mail corselets. True cataphracts with the Huns' natural skill at archery means these warriors are terrifying to face from afar and up close. Ordu is the origin of the Western word 'horde', meaning originally 'royal camp', 'military camp', and eventually just 'army'. What is associated with the word among Turkic languages could not be more different than how the West associates the term. To those brutalized by the steppe dwellers, 'horde' conveys the terrifying apocalypse of centaur-like horsemen, filthy and savage like gibbering demons of hell. By those who dwelt in the steppe it spoke to the august power of the royal king, being the royal camp/capital/palace. Inevitably it came to possess an association with royal power, much like palatial status spoke to the prestige of certain Roman units. In this context it is applied to those who directly follow a member of the royal house - not simply being retainers of nobility sworn to the royalty. It's unclear what inspired greater use of the lance - whether it was indigenous to the Huns or stimulated from their Sarmatian subjects. However by the 6th century largely Hunnic Bucellari armed with lance, sword and bow had easily become the most valuable soldiery to Roman generals like Belisarius and Narses. Similarly the next great steppe power, the Avar Khaganate, appear to have had the lance be part of their cavalrymen's standard kit.

Tier 3 Archers: Hun Yadag Yaçit = Hunnic Foot Archers
(Hunnic Foot Archers) Girt in corselets of rawhide and leather with tall shields of rawhide and wicker with sword and composite bow, these Hunnic foot archers possess a sturdiness in close combat to match their capacities from afar. Despite an emphasis on horsemen by contemporary authors, numerous accounts speak of Hunnic infantry - and in more than just the capacity as cringing camp-following slaves. Procopius cites Sabir Huns in the 6th century fighting as heavy infantry for both Rome and the Sassanians, while remarks closer to the 5th century speak of Hunnic archers 'leaning upon tall shields' and feature the Huns fighting in close quarters upon rugged terrain at the Catalaunian Plains.

Tier 2 Archers: Bodun Yadag Yaçit = Tribal (Sarmatian and Hunnic) Foot Archers
(Steppe Tribal Foot Archers) Being the least experienced in war among nomads still raises these men above the mere 'levies' of the civilized world. Armed with the sophisticated composite recurve bow but little more than daggers for personal defense, these poorer tribesmen lack the horse of their betters but hold no deficiency in skill with the arrow. Bodun, in old Turkic meaning the common people or nation as a whole, is meant to convey that silent majority found in all populations. Their identity is not exclusively Hunnic but contain wealthier Sarmatians, Slavs, Germans and natives of the steppe who possess the superior composite bow instead of a simple self-bow.

Tier 1 Archers: Sagittarii Scythorum = Steppe Longbowmen
(Steppe Longbowmen) Despite as association with the Germans, the longbow is a common feature of peoples lacking the knowledge, interest or climate to make use of a composite bow. By enlarging the simple bow of pure or mostly wood construction one can enhance the penetrative power and range of the short self-bow. It would be found in the hands of the poorest of steppe inhabitants, most often indigenous natives or lower class Germans and Slavs hastily levied to offer bulk firepower on foot.

Tier 4 Spearmen: Comitati Lanciarii Germanorum = Germanic Comitatus Spears
(Comitatus Spearmen) Well equipped warriors who live for battle and fight for their lord. The cornerstone of Germanic society is the relationship between leader and follower bound in the comitatus. Free-born Germans had the right to serve whomever they wished, and so it behooved an aspiring warlord or king to be like a river unto his people. A miserly or unsuccessful leader would find his warband rapidly dissolve - or lose his head to a usurper! The Hunnic Empire no more consisted solely of Huns than the Roman Empire consisted solely of inhabitants of Roma. Even before the reign of Attila it was a conglomerate of Huns, Germans, Sarmatians, Slavs and other forgotten peoples. Far from being mere chattel led to the slaughter as the Slavs were under the future Avar Khaganate, Germans held positions of authority and importance under the Huns - many German kings and princes being counted among Attila's close companions. One could postulate their willingness to fight would be less than under their own ethnic kings. However, if one looked to the Romans they would have seen German-born citizens like Aetius and Stilicho proving more loyal than those of a purely Roman pedigree.

Tier 3 Spearmen: Hun Yadag Süngüglüg = Hunnic [Foot] Spearmen
(Hunnic Spearmen) Girt in corselets of rawhide and leather with tall shields of rawhide and wicker, these men serve admirably in a supporting function to their more important cavalry companions. Despite an emphasis on horsemen by contemporary authors, numerous accounts speak of Hunnic infantry - and in more than just the capacity as cringing camp-following slaves. Procopius cites Sabir Huns in the 6th century fighting as heavy infantry for both Rome and the Sassanians, and Agathias similarly cites the Sabirs as heavy infantry. Accounts closer to the 5th century speak of Hunnic archers 'leaning upon tall shields' and feature the Huns fighting in close quarters upon rugged terrain at the Catalaunian Plains.

Tier 2 Spearmen: Germani Lanciarii = Germanic Freemen Spears
(Germanic Freemen Spearmen) Every free-born German has a warrior's heart. Even those who choose the life of farming, trade or artisanship over battle will answer the call if they can hope to win plunder, glory, or the prospect of a better land to dwell in. The Hunnic Empire no more consisted solely of Huns than the Roman Empire consisted solely of inhabitants of Roma. Even before the reign of Attila it was a conglomerate of Huns, Germans, Sarmatians, Slavs and other forgotten peoples. Far from being mere chattel led to the slaughter as the Slavs were under the future Avar Khaganate, Germans held positions of authority and importance under the Huns - many German kings and princes being counted among Attila's close companions. One could postulate their willingness to fight would be less than under their own ethnic kings. However, if one looked to the Romans they would have seen German-born citizens like Aetius and Stilicho proving more loyal than those of a purely Roman pedigree.

Tier 1 Spearmen: Servi Lanciarii Scythorum = Steppe Levy Spearmen
(Levy Spearmen of the Steppes) The inhabitants of the Eurasian steppe deny simple classification of ethnicity or even language. Germanic, Iranian, and now Turkic and Slavic peoples dwell among indigenous peoples well rooted to the soil even a millenia ago during the reign of the Scythians. These latter natives would typically serve the whims of whatever equestrian aristocracy ruled the steppes, providing tribute and levied service at their behest.




https://books.google.com/books?id=kg...plural&f=false

http://altaica.ru/LIBRARY/turks/Erdal_OTG.pdf - grammar
http://altaica.ru/LIBRARY/CLAUSON/Clauson_EDT.pdf If I want to go with old Turkic terminology, notes are below

Alpağut - 128

pg 313 - Bagatur meaning "Picked warrior" and almost certainly of Hunnic origin.

pg 759 - Keziglig may mean 'sentry'.

pg 927 - yilkici / yilki - herdsman.

pg 704 - kedimlig - wearing protective clothing, armored. 'bes yuz kedimlig yadag' being 'lightly armored infantry'. Yadag meaning infantry. Yadagin - 'on foot'

pg 89 - agir - heavy

136 - ulug - big/great

Pg 839 - suŋuglug (ŋ is 'ng' as in 'sing') = lancer.

Altig - mounted/cavalry

pg xl - suffixes


-an or -un seems to be the best plural choice in lieu of others. Tarkhan, Bodun. Not always the case - begler

-t = sughdian plural suffix found in stuff like tarxas (plural of tarkhan)

-gut seems to describe persona. "alpagutin" may be 'warriors'.

-layu/leyu is "like" (borileyu" is 'like a wolf' from bori being wolf)

begler - 'the begs'

bodun - the tribes, the clans, common people. Seems to be the most common word, and may be the plural version.

"Turku Bodun" - The Turku people
"Tavgac Bodun" - The chinese people
ect.

uḏmak - servants/retainer?


Beg being 'head of a clan, a tribe, a subordinate chief, from the earliest period.

Tarxan/Tarxat/Tarkhan would probably be high ranking.

Ordu/Ordo - royal residence, assocations of royal.

Sanlig - belonging to, responsible to.

egil - 'common, ordinary, lower class (people)'.

Bagitlar - 'the lords'
tegit oglani - princely sons
yayçi or yaçi = archer/bowman




Sunguglug = Lancer.


Tarxat Altig Yaçit

ç = 'ch' in Turkic (modern at least).


Ordun Altig Yaçit = Royal

Tarxat/Tarkhan Altig Yacit = General's Mounted archers?

Ord


Sakçi / Sakçisi - guardian/guardians

Begler

Bodun Altig = Common/Tribal Cavalry?

eren = men (er is man)

Sü = army. (Süsin or Susi is plural?)

çi = actor/agent noun, describing one performing an action. Like swordsman, axeman, bowman. Ayakçi is 'cup-bearer' with ayak being 'cup'? Tugçi is 'standard-bearer' from tug, ya being bow or arrow and thus yaçi is arrow-man/bowman.

-lig/-lig/-lug/-lug forms Poss. N./A.s, see Kaj. 1500; very common.


Plural suffixes

-s "only appears in term borrowed from sanskrit

Oglan (ogul is male child, oglan is princes, bodyguards, boys).

Aran - 'men'

-lar/ler appears as early as the Uighur/Qarakhanid sources. 'udlar' -periods of time, 'yultuzlar' -stars.