Structure 2013-08-30 Past Unreal Conditionals (and chart)

p. 386
A
1 e
2 c
3 a
4 f
5 d
6 b
sink - sank - sunk: when a broken ship goes down under the water
sing/sang/sung, drink/drank/drunk, swim/swam/swum
strike - struck - struck: to hit something
everyday occurrence: something that happens every day
B
1 past
2 an accident
3 military events
4 possible
5 necessary (avoidable = not necessary)
6 missed train
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Past Unreal Conditionals (Unit 24)
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If he had seen it, the Titanic wouldn't have sunk.
If+[past perfect],  subject  +  would + have + past
                                could     participle
                                might       (verb 3)
= He didn't see it, so the Titanic sank.

If he had been watching, he would have seen it.
= He was not watching, so he didn't see it.

Past Perfect = subject + had + past participle
Past Perf. Progressive = subj + had been + verb(ing)

For regular verbs, past participle = simple past.
(There is a list of irregular verbs on p. A-1)

If I had finished work earlier, I could have gone to the party.
---
I should have studied more last night.
= If I had studied more last night, I would have passed the test today.
= I wish I had studied more last night.
= I didn't study enough last night, so I failed the test and now I am unhappy.
---
If I'd studied more, I'd have passed.

I'd = I would           OR     I had
     (would + base form     had + past participle)
---
I would have passed if I'd studied. (no comma)

I wouldn't have passed even if I'd studied. (surprising)
---
p. 388 Exercise 1
   a  b
1  T  T
2  F  F (She didn't get on, she didn't meet him.)
3  T  F (She got a job because James told her.)
4  F  T (I got home later, so I couldn't watch it.)
5  F  T (I didn't record because DVD didn't work.)
6  T  T (I had a test, so I went to bed late.)
7  F  T (I didn't study and now I feel bad.)
8  F  F (She didn't help because I didn't ask.)
9  F  T
10 T  T (I didn't get a good grade so I was sad.)
---
if-clause: if + past perfect
         = if + subj + had + past participle

result clause: subj + would have + past participle
                      could have
                      might have
p. 389 Exercise 2
1. had gone, might have become
2. would have gone, hadn't lost
3. could have gone, hadn't gotten
4. wouldn't have felt, had found
5. had...been
6. wouldn't have known, hadn't shown
7. hadn't rescued, wouldn't have saved
8. hadn't helped, might have gone
9. wouldn't have been, hadn't met
10. would have been, hadn't been

If we had school on Monday, we would spend more time on this topic.

				Real and Unreal Conditionals
===================================================================================================
        |    if-clause / condition	 |	result clause / consequence
--------|--------------------------------|---------------------------------------------------------
present |    [present]			 |		[present]
real    |    If it rains		 |	I bring an umbrella to school
        | If it's raining when I wake up |      I don't want to go to school
--------|--------------------------------|---------------------------------------------------------
        |				 |
future  |        [present]		 |		[future]
real    |    If it rains tomorrow	 |	I will bring an umbrella
        |   If it's raining tomorrow	 |	I may not go to school
--------|--------------------------------|---------------------------------------------------------
        |				 |
present |    [past without "was"]	 |	subj + would/could/might + base form
/future |   If I had more money		 |       I     would               buy a car
unreal  |   If it were raining today	 |       I                 might   have my umbrella
--------|--------------------------------|---------------------------------------------------------
        |				 |	    could/might
past    |      [past perfect]		 |	subj + would have + past participle
unreal  |   If I had studied last night	 |	 I     would have   gotten a good grade on the test
        |If it had been raining yesterday|       I     might have   taken my umbrella with me
===================================================================================================

p. 392 Exercise 5
1
a. If she had planned ahead, we wouldn't have needed that temp.
b. If she had planned ahead, I might not have met the love of my life.
c. If she hadn't been so disorganized, my next trip to Jamaica wouldn't have been for my honeymoon.

Homework: finish page 392
          do p. 383 part B
          do p. 398 part B
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The test on Tuesday will be like 392 and 376:
I will give you true sentences about the present and past, and you need to make unreal conditionals.