Quiz questions

Exam 1

Syllabus
1.	How many times can you take the emodules?
	a.	Three times
2.	You have the option to do an extra credit assignment.  Which of the following are required of the extra credit assignment?
	a.	All of these
		i.	A minimum of 7 pages of text
		ii.	Minimum of 5 references
		iii.	Concept map diagram & explanation
		iv.	10 multiple choice questions with answers
3.	Which of the following is true about issue tracker?
	a.	You will NOT receive an email stating that your issue has been addressed
4.	If a negative feedback system reaches the Comparator what then occurs?
	a.	Comparator will shut off controlled system
5.	Where should you go to find updates on the course?
	a.	Announcements in BioEspresso
6.	If you have an issue which of the following links should you click on to report your issue?
	a.	“Have an issue”
7.	Which of the following does the extra credit paper have the ability to do?
	a.	The extra credit may increase your final grade by 2%
8.	A student athlete presents Dr. Pozos with documentation that he had a school-sponsored event and was unable to complete the module. Dr. Pozos opens the emodule for the student and the student forgets to take the emodule a second time. The student petitions for a third time to open the module. Dr. Pozos will…
	a.	Not open the emodule
9.	A student’s parent is undergoing a major surgery and as a consequence the student missed one module. He missed the module only 3 days ago. Dr. Pozos will
	a.	Will reopen the module as long as there is evidence of the surgery
10.	Which of the following compares the signal from input to output setpoint
	a.	B (triangle) (connects first one to third and last back up)

How we study Biology
1.	A hypothesis is:
	a.	A proposed explanation for a set of observations
2.	Which of the following is an example of INDUCTIVE reasoning?
	a.	Priscilla likes men (premise)
		Julius Caesar is a man
		Therefore, Priscilla likes Julius Caesar
3.	It is your responsibility to…
	a.	Educate yourself about the various aspects of biology
4.	Which of the following is an example of DEDUCTIVE reasoning?
	a.	All triangles have 180 degrees (premise)
		A right triangle is a form of a triangle
		Therefore, a right triangle has 180 degrees
5.	Biology can be studied in a non-scientific method. This involves which of the following:
	a.	Using many subjects but having no controls
6.	Which of the following should be considered for all phrases of a research project?
	a.	Application of ethics as you plan the research
7.	A cannibal shoots and kills a visiting professor of anthropology. His tribe abhors visitors and are well known for being vicious and cannibals. This act occurred in the jungles of New Guinea. This act in the eyes of his culture is considered to be?
	a.	Legal, ethical, and honorable
8.	How does inductive reasoning start?
	a.	Inductive reasoning starts with an observation which is not universally accepted
9.	A physician notices that a certain drug that is used to control maniac depression, also causes her patients to gain 40 lbs in 4 months.  She gave a placebo to another group of patients and they did not gain weight and their maniac depression episodes were not controlled. She presents the data on her subjects at a scientific meeting. This data is which kind?
	a.	Data on her subjects is suggestive of more research that can be done in the area
10.	No two humans are identical
	a.	This statement is true
11.	A scientist receives a large grant.  Relative to this diagram, this award symbolizes…
	a.	Negative feedback
12.	The function of a science teacher is to?
	a.	Bridge the world between research and the real world
13.	(Reference Feedback Loop) Why does the rejection of the proposal initiate the positive feedback loop?
	a.	Because it requires the researcher to do more work on and resubmit the proposal which starts the review process again
14.	The difference between research conducted by the scientific method and the non-scientific method is which of the following?
	a.	Both methods are used by persons who are curious about a phenomenon
15.	A military operation requires the attack force to climb to high altitudes…
	a.	Impossible to know. You need more data.  A subject on one is not enough to give you any kind of solid data

Properties of Life
1.	For ATP to be generated, the cell needs?
	a.	Both oxygen and food
2.	Within Sally’s body different chemical reactions are taking place. As she eats her cheeseburger and her food is metabolized to maintain her energy, this on-going process will cause a loss of hydrogen ions as well as a loss of electrons.
	a.	Oxidation
3.	Oxidizing and reducing agents are vital in biological processes including metabolism. A(n) ________________ agent gains electrons and is reduced.
	a.	Oxiding
4.	In the case of someone who wants to lose weight, they will be using the process of oxidation – losing electrons. They will want to oxidize their stored food in their fat cells. This is called ______________.
	a.	Catabolism
5.	A group of interconnected proteins called _______ strips hydrogen ions and electrons from the chemicals that make up our food.
	a.	Enzymes
6.	All organisms live for certain fixed periods of time. This time is determined by
	a.	Chromosomes
7.	The stripping of loss of electrons or hydrogen ions is called _______ and the addition of electrons or hydrogen ions is called _________
	a.	Oxidation; reduction
8.	A marine rushes into a burning building to save the occupants in war torn Syria. Based on the diagram, in which he saved 20 people, the feedback to him would be…
	a.	Negative

Cells
1.	What is the difference between skin cells and bone cells?
	a.	Traits expressed
2.	Cells that transport oxygen and carbon dioxide between lungs and tissues are:
	a.	Red blood cells
3.	The fundamental unit of life is:
	a.	Cell
4.	When you feel happy, a chemical is released in the brain that goes to your pleasure center.  For this chemical to have its effect, it must interact with which of the following?
	a.	Plasma membrane receptor
5.	What does the mitochondria require to make ATP?
	a.	Both
		i.	Oxygen from the blood
		ii.	Digested carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids
6.	Asset of flattened sacs that function in the packaging and processing of newly synthesized proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum is
	a.	Golgi Complex
7.	Nicotine, which is present in cigarette smoke, activates neurons.  Which anatomical cell structure is the first site for this activation?
	a.	Plasma membrane
8.	Membrane-spanning proteins that link cells together are called:
	a.	E-cadherin

Water
1.	A friend of yours has been drinking all night and comes home to vomit most of the night.  She ends up with the dry heaves. In the morning she is very thirsty. The sensation of thirst is due to which of the following?
	a.	Decrease in extracellular volume
2.	Why does Gatorade contain sugar?
	a.	It promotes the uptake of water and electrolytes in the intestinal tract
3.	Channels in the plasma membrane of cells that only allow water to pass are
	a.	Aquaporins
4.	A hypoosmotic solution is:
	a.	A solution that has less electrolytes and more water than the other solution
5.	Blood is normally what to cells?
	a.	Isotonic
6.	You are crossing the desert, temperature is 120F and you are sweating. Which of the following will determine how much water you will lose?
	a.	Both osmosis and hormones
7.	Which of the following would the cells shrink if placed in?
	a.	Hypertonic
8.	After a night of drinking you feel a hangover. What caused this hangover?
	a.	Ethanol inhibited the release of ADH, promoting an increase in urine production
9.	The term “concentration gradient” is defined as:
	a.	The gradual difference in concentration of solution between areas of high concentration and low concentration
10.	Isotonic refers to:
	a.	An isotonic cell is in a state of equilibrium with its surroundings in terms of water and solute concentration
11.	Active transport is needed to…
	a.	Maintain the proper concentrations of ions in and out of the cell
12.	A person is crossing the desert and runs out of water. He has to go 10 miles before he gets some water. He has his 4 year old son with him. What hormone will be released in both of them to protect the body of water levels?
	a.	Antidiuretic hormone

Glycolysis
1.	Glycolysis as a chemical reaction is coupled with which other chemical reaction which requires oxygen?
	a.	Aerobic respiration
2.	Which of the following produces ATP by substrate phosphorylation
	a.	B&C (first little box and middle little box)
3.	All cells do not have the same sensitivity to lack of oxygen. Brain, heart, intestinal and kidney cells have a great need of oxygen than muscle cells. A muscle can go 20 minutes without oxygen, but brain and heart cells can go no more than 3 minutes. Brain and heart cells need a high level of oxygen since?
	a.	They require more energy (ATP) than muscle cells
4.	In the event that ATP is not needed, (in other words, you have enough energy) what happens?
	a.	ATP will inhibit enzymes in the glycolytic pathway
5.	Where in the cell does substrate phosphorylation occur?
	a.	Cytoplasm
6.	All enzymes for anaerobic respiration’s ____________ chemical reactions are found only in the ___________ of the cells.
	a.	9; Cytoplasm
7.	You are running away from some drug dealers. All of a sudden you have a muscle cramp in your leg muscles and you cannot run anymore. The story gets messy after this point but what caused the muscle cramp?
	a.	Lactic acid build up in the muscle
8.	A 35 year old African American male is swimming in 8 feet of water and gets a cramp in his leg. He cannot swim anymore and drowns. What caused the cramp?
	a.	Glycolysis in his leg muscle producing lactic acid

Proteins
1.	You have been very sick recently and decide to visit the doctor. She prescribes a medication that acts on a certain protein in your body. Why did she give you this medicine?
	a.	In order to block the protein that is making you sick
2.	Dr. Pozos surgically removed the kidneys of his helper Priscilla. How will this effect this effect Priscilla’s liver?
	a.	The liver will be overworked with an excess of ammonia and urea and will more than likely fail
3.	Hydrogen bonds can be formed by which by which of the following?
	a.	Interactions of amino acids of the polypeptide
4.	___________ helps set up the counter current system in the nephrons.
	a.	Urea
5.	Dr. Pozos is a mad protein scientist. In his spare time he incubates protein with proteases (enzymes that break apart proteins) and determines what the products of this reaction are. He saw that he frequently gets small molecules that contain peptide bonds between the amino acids leucine and serine (amino acids). What should he call these molecules that he has made?
	a.	Dipeptides
6.	Proteins are assembled where?
	a.	Endoplasmic reticulum
7.	What are proteins broken down into before they can be absorbed into the body by digestion?
	a.	Amino acids
8.	What chemical is require to cause the dehydration process to form a dipeptide?
	a.	Protein

Carbohydrates
1.	Proteins, carbohydrates, and fats can all be broken down into
	a.	Acetyl-CoA
2.	Dr. Pozos was in a motorcycle accident with a clown and lost a lot of blood…
	a.	He would live with no anticipated immune complications from the type O transfused blood
3.	Which of the following is a potential side effect of being obese?
	a.	All of these
		i.	Sleep apnea
		ii.	Diabetes
		iii.	Cardiovascular disease
		iv.	High blood pressure
4.	Cellulose is a carbohydrate that provides structural support for
	a.	All of the choices are correct
		i.	Pine trees
		ii.	Mangroves
		iii.	Grass
		iv.	Rose bushes
5.	Insulin stimulates the conversion of carbohydrates into ____________, diminishes the breakdown of fat, and ______________ amino acid uptake.
	a.	Fat; increases
6.	What is another word for Carbohydrate?
	a.	Saccharide
7.	You stuff yourself silly every week at an all-you-can-eat pizza buffet (commonly referred to as carbohydrate heaven) b/c it was cheap and you have limited monetary resources. Your body has plenty of ATP available to the cells so the acetyl-CoA you have made will be used to make…
	a.	Fatty acids
8.	Actor Patrick Swayze (movies…) died from complications associated with pancreatic cancer. How was his digestion of carbohydrates affected due to limited use of his pancreas?
	a.	May have been reduced because there is no amylase and maltase
9.	While on his way to his biology exam James is hit by a car. He is transported to the hospital for treatment. James has type AB blood. Which of the following blood types would James be able to take?
	a.	All of these
		i.	Type A
		ii.	Type B
		iii.	Type O
10.	Dr. Pozos lives a pretty sedentary lifestyle. He has a weight of 185 lbs and is 5 feet and 10 in tall. What is his BMI and is he overweight?
	a.	26.5 and overweight
11.	Carbohydrates are involved in the production of which of the following?
	a.	Glycogen
12.	Dr. Lane just finished running a marathon and needs to consume calories immediately or she will faint. However, she left her wallet at home and has very little money on her. Which of the following would be the most inexpensive source of calories for her?
	a.	A potato
13.	You are fighting ninjas and they are winning. As you get scared, you secrete more adrenalin which leads to?
	a.	Increase in glucose

Lipids
1.	Adipose tissue cells consist of fat globules which can occupy up to _______ of the cell volume.
	b.	90%
2.	Fatty acids that cannot be constructed within an organism from other components are referred as…
	a.	Essential fatty acids (EFAs)
3.	Lipids and lipid derivatives help to form which of the following?
	a.	Hormones
4.	A molecule formed from one glycerol and three fatty acid subunits by degydration synthesis is a…
	a.	Triglyceride
5.	A monophospholipid layer allows for…
	a.	The structure to be filled with hydrophobic molecules like lipids
6.	Which of the following is a reason as to why animals would create a waxy substance?
	a.	Use as a waterproofing agent
7.	Lipids have the most calories because they have the most…
	a.	Most hydrogen bonds
8.	Fats and oils differ in their
	a.	Saturation of fatty acid





Exam 2

DNA
1.	The cellular information to make a protein is stored long-term as this type of molecule.
	a.	DNA
2.	This part of the nucleotide binds two nucleotides together to form a single strand of DNA.
	a.	Phosphate group
3.	In an RNA nucleotide the sugar is called _________ and has OH group on its 2’ carbon, while in DNA the sugar is called _____________ and the 2” carbon only has a hydrogen (H).
	a.	Ribose; Deoxyribose
4.	A DNA double helix is formed through the interactions of this part of a nucleotide.
	a.	Nitrogenous Base
5.	Every cell in your body contains ___________ percent of your genome.
	a.	100%
6.	Two double stranded DNA molecules are made from DNA replication. Which of the following statements is true about the 2 new DNA molecules?
	a.	WRONG – Only one double stranded DNA strand results from DNA replication
7.	The intense UV light from the San Diego sun can lead to distorted DNA within a cell. This type of DNA damage can have which of the following consequences?
	a.	All of these
		i.	Disrupt DNA replication
		ii.	Cause mutations
		iii.	Lead to cancer
8.	From the website associated with the module, how much DNA resides in each cell of the human body?
	a.	WRONG – 3 million base pairs
9.	The most important reason we study DNA is that it… (most complete answer)
	a.	WRONG – replicates
10.	If the set point wants 200 cells so that a cancerous tumor can grow in your intestine, and the output is 50 cells, the set point is located in
	a.	Toxic chemicals that cause increase in mitosis

Gene Expression
1.	What does it mean for a gene to be expressed? In other words, what does “gene expression” really mean?
	a.	WRONG – a gene is turned into RNA
2.	Using the table, which amino acid is encoded by the sequence AGA?
	a.	Arg
3.	How many possible codons are there?
	a.	64
4.	From the following double stranded DNA sequence, transcribe the correct mRNA molecule (Remember which is the template strand): 5’- TTCCAGATAGCC – 3’  3’ – AAGGTCTATCGG – 5’
	a.	WORNG – AAGGUCUAUCGG
5.	___________ refers to the DNA strand that forms the template for the transcribed mRNA.
	a.	Non-Coding Strand
6.	This region (a) tells RNA polymerase where to bind while this region (b) tells RNA where to start transcription:
	a.	(a) promoter; (b) start site
7.	The final product of transcription is:
	a.	Single stranded RNA
8.	In the molecule, __________ is the part that is complementary to the sequence on mRNA.
	a.	WRONG – amino acid attachment site
9.	How does translation know when to end?
	a.	WRONG – when there are no more amino acids left in the cellular pool for protein synthesis
10.	Which of the following processes requires both mRNA and tRNA?
	a.	WRONG – both transcription and translation