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gmalivuk

Structure 2013-08-13

Aug 13th, 2013
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  1. p. 240-241
  2. find out: discover information
  3. big issue: something that is important to think about
  4. avoid: stay away from
  5. comment: statement of opinion
  6. embarrassing stuff: stuff that you are ashamed of and don't want other people to see or know about
  7. content: ideas, information, and pictures in a book or on a website
  8. involved: taking part in something
  9. network (v): connect with people who also know each other
  10. privacy: the protection of personal information
  11. resource: something valuable or useful
  12. ---
  13. MODALS:
  14. can, could, may, might, (shall), should, will, would, must, had better, ought to
  15. form: subject + modal + base form
  16. (Modals never change form for tense or he/she/it.)
  17. "SIMILAR EXPRESSIONS":
  18. [have] to + base form ("have" changes with tense and he/she/it)
  19. [be] able to + base form ("be" changes with tense and subject)
  20. ---
  21. advice:
  22. You could take the train. = this is one of your choices (weak advice)
  23. You ought to take the train. = You should take the train. = this is the best choice (but you can choose something different)
  24. Note: "ought to" is more formal than "should", and it isn't used much in questions and negatives
  25. You had better take the train. = urgent advice; if you don't take the train, something bad will happen (If you take the bus, you'll be late.)
  26. You must take the train. = You have to take the train. = this is your only choice; the bus doesn't go where you want to go
  27. ---
  28. You must not take the train. = it's prohibited; you can't do it (mustn't - more common in British English)
  29. You don't have to take the train. = it's not necessary; whatever you want to do, you can do
  30. ---
  31. conclusions: (best guesses from the information I have)
  32. She could be sick. = this is one of the possibilities
  33. = She might be sick. = She may be sick.
  34. = She might not feel well. = She may not feel well.
  35.  
  36. She must be sick. = this is the only (reasonable) possibility; I believe she is sick
  37. = She has to be sick. = She has got to be sick.
  38.  
  39. She must not feel well. = I don't believe she feels well. It is not a reasonable possibility
  40.  
  41. She can't be sick. = I don't think it's possible.
  42. = She couldn't be sick.
  43.  
  44. She must not be at home. I called but she didn't answer her phone.
  45. She can't be at home. All of the lights are off.
  46.  
  47. She must not have her phone. I called but she didn't answer.
  48. She can't have her phone. I have it right here.
  49. ---
  50. p. 246-247 (Exercise 1)
  51. have to complete - necessity
  52. must have - necessity
  53. must be - necessity
  54. have to provide - necessity
  55. will be able to hide - ability
  56. have to post - necessity
  57. ought to give - advice
  58. Can someone post - ability
  59. don't have to ask - necessity (asking is not a necessity)
  60. ought to get - advice
  61. cannot remove - ability
  62. can choose - ability
  63. must be - conclusion
  64. should I do - advice
  65. must not give - prohibition
  66. should never give - advice
  67. could use - future possibility
  68. may encounter - future possibility
  69. ---
  70. Facebook, Twitter, Tumblr, Instagram, MySpace, LinkedIn (professional networking)
  71. ---
  72. Homework: Exercise 2 (p. 247-248)
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