The Golems within Thaumcraft can be a great addition to the Minecraft world, adding a versatile and stylish way to manage your Farms, sort your items, or even store Essentia away for future use! Below are some examples of setups in which a Golem fits perfectly.

GOLEMS FOR FARMING
For a farming area, there are 2 different Golems you will need. A Straw Golem will harvest your fully-grown Crops, but will simply drop the items on the ground. A Wooden Golem can pick these items up and put them in his attached Chest. If your Straw Golem was crafted using a Golem Animation Core: Intelligence, then he will use dropped Seeds (or other relevant crops) to re-plant harvested crops, meaning the entire farm can be maintenance-free.
It is recommended to have Lilypads over any exposed water within your farming area. While Golems will be able to jump out of the water, they may un-till your dirt in the process.
#link to http://i.imgur.com/lD6y5.png

GOLEMS IN YOUR THAUMIUM LABORATORY
Tallow Golems can come in very useful inside your Thaumic Laboratory. If you place a Tallow Golem on the side of a Crucible, supply him with a Bucket, and use a Marker Block to help him identify an infinite Water Source, he will keep your Crucible filled with water.
Alternatively, you can place your Tallow Golem on an Arcane Alembic. If you mark out a Chest for him, he will use that Chest to collect empty Phials, otherwise you will have to supply them manually. Each time the Alembic fills up enough, he will fill a Phial with that Essentia. Using Marker blocks, you can have him either put the filled Phials in a chest, or drop the Essentia straight into a Warded Jar.
#link to http://i.imgur.com/4jfF1.png, caption "Note the Marker Block underneath the water Golem; this is necessary. Even Perceptive Golems cannot identify a Water Source without one!"

GOLEMS FOR SORTING
There are two types of Golems you can use for item sorting - Stone Golems, and Clay Golems.
Stone Golems are to be placed on an "Input" chest. He will withdraw items from his assigned Chest (or other inventory) and place them into other inventories, as specified by Marker Blocks. If you place an item in the Stone Golem's inventory, he will ONLY take that item from the Chest - this can be used to, for instance, put all of a specific kind of Ore into your Pulverizer.
An upgraded Stone Golem is available, with six Inventory slots. Each inventory slot can also be assigned a specific color of Marker to move items to; this could for instance put four kinds of Ore into a Buildcraft Hopper above your Pulverizer, and still move non-Ore items out of his assigned chest into your main storage.
Clay Golems function the opposite - place the Golem against an Inventory, and he will take items from Inventories with Marker Blocks, to keep his assigned inventory full of a certain item. You can either tell him to keep a specific amount in (for instance, to keep a Furnace stoked with Coal), or to put as many of that item into his inventory as he can find. You could also make nice use of him within your Thaumium Laboratory, having him fill up a Chest with Phials for your Tallow Golem(s) to have access to.
Clay Golems also have an upgraded version available, with again, 6 inventory slots. He will only keep one Inventory stocked, but now you can specify up to 6 different items to keep it stocked with! This can be very useful for keeping a Chest close to your Research Table full of items that have good amounts of hard-to-find Aspects.