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- Greg Malivuk
- gmalivuk@staffordhouse.com
- http://www.pastebin.com/u/gmalivuk - Notes from all classes
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- Homework: Focus 7 - Read the explanations for how to chose between gerunds and infinitives.
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- Usually, infinitives are about possible actions which may not happen or which haven’t happened yet.
- Usually, gerunds are about real actions that have happened, are happening, or will definitely happen.
- “I don’t like studying all weekend.” = I have experience with this, and I don’t like it.
- (This is why “would like” goes with infinitive, not gerund; something you would like to do is only a possible future action, not a real present or past action.)
- - Verbs of desire or intent usually go with infinitives (hope, wish, want, plan, expect)
- - Verbs of opinion or preference usually go with gerunds (enjoy, dislike, appreciate, mind)
- (Because we already have experience with actions if we have opinions about them.)
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- Some verbs change meaning when followed by gerund or infinitive
- - Usually, you can still think of gerunds as real actions that already happened before, and infinitives as possible actions that happen later.
- I remember locking the door this morning. = I locked the door, and now I have a memory of that action.
- I remembered to lock the door this morning. = I remembered my obligation, and then I locked the door.
- I remember meeting him. = I met him, and now I have a memory of that moment.
- I remembered to meet him. = I needed to meet him (we had an appointment), and I remembered my obligation.
- I don’t remember locking the door. = I have no memory of this action. (Maybe I locked it, maybe not.)
- I didn’t remember to lock the door. = I didn’t remember my obligation, so I didn’t lock the door.
- I’ll never forget meeting him. = I really met him, and I’ll always remember it.
- I never forget to lock the door. = I always remember my obligation, and then I lock the door.
- I forgot to pay my phone bill. = I forgot my obligation, so I didn’t pay it.
- He stopped smoking. = He was smoking, or he used to smoke, and then he stopped (quit).
- He stopped to smoke. = He stopped another action in order to smoke. (He took a smoke break.)
- I tried opening the window. = I did this action, but it didn’t help. (The room was still too hot.)
- I tried to open the window. = I attempted this action, but I couldn’t do it. (The window was broken.)
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- p. 118-9 exercise 12 - Use the gerund or infinitive form of the verbs in parentheses.
- 1 to avoid (if I’m not sure you’ll be able to) / avoiding (if I’m not sure it will help)
- 2 talking (The sentence is about a memory of a past action, not about an obligation.)
- 3 to pick up (This was the purpose of his stop.)
- 4 talking/to talk (“begin” can go with both, with no change of meaning)
- 5 smoking
- 6 to bring (She had an obligation/necessity to have her glasses, but she forgot about it.)
- 7 playing, to prefer, playing/to play
- 8 eating (I think I’ll be successful, but I might not enjoy it.)
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- exercise 13
- 1 doing (This kind of has a continuous meaning.)
- 2 doing
- 3 making (“require” without an object takes the gerund)
- 4 playing
- 5 singing
- 6 to keep busy
- 7 trying
- 8 to improve
- 9 practicing
- 10 to spend
- 11 to collect / collecting
- 12 reading
- 13 writing
- 14 to be
- 15 reading about
- 16 making
- 17 decorating
- 18 making
- 19 carving
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- Homework (optional): p. 120 exercise 14
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