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Medieval Poland

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  1. REFERENCE WORKS
  2. Gallus Anonymus. Gesta principum Polonorum: The Deeds of the Princes of the Poles. Translated and edited by Paul W. Knoll and Frank Schaer. Budapest and New York: Central European University Press, 2003. New Latin and English edition of the oldest Polish medieval chronicle written by Gallus the Anonymous in the second decade of the 12th century. Together with the critical edition by K. Maleczyński for the new series of MPH, it is a standard edition of that crucial source to study the early medieval history of the Piast monarchy.
  3. Lerski, Jerzy J. Historical Dictionary of Poland, 966–1945. Westport, CT, and London: Greenwood Press, 1996. A fine introduction to Polish history, culture, and society from the beginning of the Polish state to the end of World War II. The citations include many prominent figures and ideologies of the Commonwealth period.
  4. Maurice, Michel and Paul Smith, eds. The Annals by Jan Długosz: Annales seu cronicae inclyti Regni Polonia—an English abridgement. Chichester, UK: IM Publications, 1997. An abridged English version of the immense 15th-century chronicle of Jan Długosz, covering the history of Poland from the legendary period to 1480.
  5. Pogonowski, Iwo Cyprian. Poland: A Historical Atlas. Rev. ed. New York: Hippocrene Books, 1988. A work comprising more than 160 maps and charts that shows the vicissitudes of Polish history, well represented by the expansion and contraction of Polish and Polish-Lithuanian historical frontiers.
  6. GENERAL OVERVIEWS
  7. Davies, Norman. God’s Playground: A History of Poland. Vol. 1. New York: Columbia University Press, 1982. Best known and highly popular textbook of Polish history in English; well written and offers a general picture of political, social, and cultural developments. Reprinted in 1983, 1984, 2002, and 2005.
  8. Gieysztor, Aleksander, ed. History of Poland. Warsaw: PWN, 1979. Basic textbook of Polish history published by leading Polish historians for non-Polish readers. First chapters offer a general overview of medieval history. Unfortunately, no new edition is available as of 2010.
  9. Halecki, Oskar. A History of Poland; with Additional Material by A. Polonsky. New York: Dorset, 1992. The great work of a Polish historian who emigrated to the United States after World War II. Offers a refreshing analysis of the main trends of Polish history.
  10. Wandycz, Piotr. The Price of Freedom: A History of East Central Europe from the Middle Ages to the Present. London: Routledge, 1992. A general overview of the east-central European region (the modern nations of Poland, Hungary, and the Czech Republic and Slovakia) from their acceptance of Western Christianity (which integrated the region with Western Europe religiously and culturally) in the Middle Ages all the way to the rapid political developments of the early 1990s. DOI: 10.4324/9780203417409
  11. Zamoyski, Adam. The Polish Way: A Thousand Year History of the Poles and their Culture. New York: Hippocrene Books, 1995. A fine attempt by Zamoyski (himself a scion of a preeminent old Polish clan) to meander between often condescending foreign works and Polish apologia (though even he is sometimes partially guilty of the latter), this beginners-level popular portrayal of the more than a thousand-year history of the state and the nation is rich in facts and seamlessly weaves culture and politics, history and tradition.
  12. [ SEE THE “UNANNOTATED WORKS” SECTION FOR MORE]
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  33. Labuda, Gerard, ed. The History of Polish Diplomacy, X–XX c. Warsaw: Seym, 2005. Popular historical study of Polish diplomacy. Best used to acquire a general overview.
  34. Urbańczyk, Przemysław, ed. The Neighbours of Poland in the 10th Century. Warsaw: Naukowa Oficyna Wydawnicza Scientia, 2000. Collection of papers on the rise of the Polish state and its relations with neighbors. Follows a comparative approach and proposes new interpretations of the political climate, particularly in relation to the Holy Roman Empire.
  35. Urbańczyk, Przemysław, ed. The Neighbours of Poland in the 11th Century. Warsaw: DiG, 2002. A collection of studies on the the political and cultural relations between the early Piast monarchy and neighboring states.
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  41. Braun, Jerzy, ed. Poland in Christian Civilization. London: Veritas, 1985. A collection of more than a dozen essays, originally written in the 1960s, looking at themes and events involving the acceptance of Western Christianity by Poland in the 10th century, the Catholicization and the political union with Lithuania, as well as the religious Union of Brest between Catholicism and Orthodoxy in 1596.
  42. Knoll, Paul. Rise of the Polish Monarchy: Piast Poland in East-Central Europe. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1972. Classic study on the rise of the early medieval Polish state. Still the best analysis of the origins of the Piast monarchy in English.
  43. Halecki, Oskar. Jadwiga and the Rise of East Central Europe. Boulder: University of Colorado, 1991. The best English study on Jadwiga of Anjou (1384–1399) and her role in the history of east central Europe. Subtle analysis of the origins of the Polish-Lithuanian union.
  44. Nowakowska, Natalia. Church, State, and Dynasty in Renaissance Poland: The Career of Cardinal Fryderyk Jagiellon (1468–1503). Aldershot, UK, and Burlington, VT: Ashgate, 2007. Recent biography of Fryderyk Jagiellon, youngest son of King Casimir Jagiellon, primate of all Poland, archbishop of Gniezno and bishop of Kraków; details of his life, ecclesiastical career, and political activity in the period considered the end of the medieval period and the beginning of the Renaissance. Offers a short but well-structured history of the Jagiellonian dynasty and its struggle for political supremacy, and reveals the mechanism of Polish policy making in the second half of the 15th century.
  45. Kłoczowski, Jerzy, ed. The Christian Community of Medieval Poland: Anthologies. Wroclaw, Poland: Zakład Narodowy im. Ossolińskich, 1981. A collection of classic studies on socio-religious history of medieval Polish Christianity, written by a leading Polish scholar of church history.
  46. Kłoczowski, Jerzy. A History of Polish Christianity. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2000. A basic English-language study on Polish Christianity by a leading expert. Presents its history starting from the first missions to Poland and the baptism of Mieszko I in 966 until events of the 20th century—all set against a panorama of the political and socio-religious history of medieval Europe. Sections devoted to the rise of Christianity and its spread in medieval Poland are located in the first three chapters.
  47. Słupecki, Leszek P. Slavonic Pagan Sanctuaries. Warsaw: Institute of Archeology and Ethnology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 1994. Comparative and interdisciplinary study on the organization and functions of pagan sanctuaries in pre-Christian polities of Slavs.
  48. Sułowski, Zygmunt. “The Christianization of Poland.” In Nation, Church, Culture: Essays on Polish History. Edited by Adam Chruszczewski, et al., 27–36. Lublin, Poland: Catholic University of Lublin, 1990. A popular overview of the Christianization of the early Piast state. Discusses the historical circumstance of Mieszko I’s baptism in 966 and the emergence of the oldest church
  49. Urbańczyk, Przemysław, ed. Early Christianity in Central and East Europe. Papers presented at the Congress of the Commission Internationale d’Histoire Ecclésiastiques Comparée, Lublin, Poland, 2–6 September 1996. Warsaw: Semper, 1997. Collection of studies presented at the CIHEC Congress in 1996. Covers various aspects of the Christianization of Poland and neighboring countries from the 10th through the 13th centuries.
  50. Górecki, Piotr S. Parishes, Tithes, and Society in Earlier Medieval Poland, c. 1100–c. 1250. Transactions of the American Philosophical Society 83.2. Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society, 1993. Basic study on the rise of parishes in early medieval Poland and their organization and socioeconomic functions.
  51. Kras, Paweł. “Dominican Inquisitors in Medieval Poland (14th–15th c.).” In Praedicatores, Inquisitores: I. The Dominicans and the Medieval Inquisition. Acts of the 1st International Seminar on the Dominicans and the Inquisition, Rome, 23–25 February 2002. Edited by Walther Hoyer, 249–310. Rome: Dominican Historical Institute, 2004a. Reexamination of the role of Polish Dominicans in the medieval Inquisition. Contains a catalogue of Polish Dominican inquisitors in the 14th and 15th centuries.
  52. Górecki, Piotr S. Economy, Society, and Lordship in Medieval Poland, 1100–1250. New York: Holmes and Meier, 1992. The best study on economical and social structure of early medieval Poland in English.
  53. Gąsiorowski, Antoni, ed. The Polish Nobility in the Middle Ages: Anthologies. Wroclaw, Poland: Zakład Narodowy im. Ossolińskich, 1984. A collection of classic Polish studies on the emergence, evolution, and standing of the Polish nobility in medieval Poland.
  54. Górecki, Piotr S. “Words, Concepts, and Phenomena: Knighthood, Lordship, and the Early Polish Nobility, circa 1100 to circa 1350.” In Nobles and Nobility in Medieval Europe: Concepts, Origins, Transformations. Edited by Anne Duggan, 115–155. Woodbridge, UK: Boydell, 2000. Basic English-language essay on the knighthood and nobility.
  55. Moździoch, Sławomir. “The Origins of the Medieval Polish Towns.” Archaeologia Polona 32 (1994): 129–153. Overview, in English, of Polish research on the rise of Polish medieval towns. Presents various concepts and interpretations and examines them in light of archeological findings.
  56. Górecki, Piotr S. “Medieval Peasants and Their World in Polish Historiography.” In The Rural History of Medieval European Societies: Trends and Perspectives. Edited by Isabel Alfonso, 253–296. The Medieval Countryside 1. Turnhout, Belgium: Brepols, 2007. Overview of Polish research on medieval peasants.
  57. Wyrozumski, Jerzy, ed. The Jagiellonian University in the Evolution of the European Culture. Kraków: Secesja, 1992. A collection of studies on the history of Kraków University, its emergence, and growth in the medieval period, as well as its role in European culture.
  58. Chudziakowa, Jadwiga. The Romanesque Churches of Mogilno, Trzemeszno and Strzelno. Torun, Poland: Wydawnictwo Mikołaja Kopernika, 2001. Thorough examination of three important Romanesque churches in central Poland.
  59. Małecki, Jan M., and Ignacy Czwartos. A History of Kraków for Everyone. Translated by Jessica Taylor-Kucia. Kraków: Wydawnictwo Literackie, 2008. Recent English book on Kraków’s history, written by the leading Polish expert in the field. Offers a popular overview of Kraków’s past from prehistory to present.
  60. Adamczewski, Jan. Cracow, 1000–2000: Guidebook. Translated by Marek Jakubik. Kraków: Wanda, 1997. A popular guidebook (or rather an album) of Kraków with a number of illustrations and their historical descriptions.
  61. Legutko-Ołownia, Agnieszka. Kraków’s Kazimierz: Town of Partings and Returns. Kraków: Bezdroża, 2005. A recent guidebook to the Jewish monuments of Kazimierz. Also available in Polish.
  62. Rożek, Michał. Spectral Cracow: Guide to Mysterious Places in the Royal City of Cracow. Translated by Tomasz Bieroń. Kraków: Wydawnictwo Literackie, 1991.
  63. An English guidebook to the most significant historical monuments of Kraków.
  64. Rożek, Michał. Cracow: A City of Kings. Translated by Birgit Helen Beirne. Warsaw: GeoCenter, 2004. An English guidebook to medieval and early modern Kraków with extensive treatment of the Wawel residence of Polish kings.
  65. Noga, Zdzisław. “Cracow: The Space of Power.” In Cracow: The Heritage of Centuries. Edited by M. Jan Małecki, 46–73. Kraków: Muzeum Historii Krakowa, 2006. On the legal and administration system of Kraków.
  66. Mitkowski, Józef. “Nationality Problems and Patterns in Medieval Polish Towns: The Example of Cracow.” Zeszyty Naukowe Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego. Prace Historyczne 39 (1978): 31–42. A concise reexamination of the ethnic composition of medieval Kraków; offers a model of studying the ethnic pluralism of medieval Polish towns.
  67. Zaremska, Hanna. “Jewish Street (Platea Judaeorum) in Cracow: The 14th–the First Half of the 15th C.” Acta Poloniae Historica 83 (2001): 26–57. Reexamination of the Jewish settlement in late medieval Kraków.
  68. Carter, Francis W. Trade and Development in Poland: An Economic Geography of Cracow, from Its Origins to 1795. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1994. An extensive English overview of the economic history of Kraków; offers a thorough analysis of the growth of Kraków and its role in the Polish and international economy in the Middle Ages and early modern period. Dziedzic, Stanisław. Alma Mater Jagiellonica. Kraków: Fundacja dla Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego, 2008. A concise history in English of the University of Kraków from its foundation in 1364 to the present day.
  69. Małecki, Jan M., ed. Cracow: The Heritage of Centuries. Kraków: Historical Museum of the City of Cracow, 2007. Studies on the history and culture of Kraków; analyzes the political, cultural, and spiritual space of Kraków; numerous illustrations. Published also in Polish, German, and Italian.
  70. Abramsky, Chimen, Maciej Jachimczyk, and Antony Polonsky, eds. The Jews in Poland: Papers Presented at the International Conference of Polish-Jewish Studies held in Oxford in September 1984. Oxford: Blackwell, 1986. A collection of studies by leading Polish and international experts. Includes an important contribution on the beginnings of Jewish settlement in Polish lands.
  71. Ben-Sasson, Haim H., ed. A History of the Jewish people. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1999. Popular historical work on the history of the Jews, with sections devoted to the settlement and growth of the Jewish population in Poland; well-structured analysis of the arrival and spread of Jewish communities.
  72. Weinryb, Bernard D. The Jews of Poland: A Social and Economic History of the Jewish Community in Poland from 1100 to 1800. Philadelphia: Jewish Publication Society in America, 1973. Chronological narrative of the history of the Jews in medieval and early modern Poland from a perspective of social and economic transformations in Europe. Offers a detailed examination of the arrival and growth of the Jewish population in medieval Poland, its role in the country’s economy, and its legal position. A good introduction to the issue.
  73. Goldberg, Jacob, ed. Jewish Privileges in the Polish Commonwealth: Charters of Rights Granted to Jewish Communities in Poland-Lithuania in the Sixteenth to Eighteenth Centuries. Jerusalem: Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities, 1985. Critical edition of original Latin and Polish documents with English introduction and notes, documenting the privileges granted to Jewish communities in the early modern Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, including confirmations of medieval charters. An indispensable work for the study of the organization and legal status of Jewish kahals in Poland-Lithuania.
  74. Wyrozumska, Bożena, ed. The Jews in Medieval Cracow: Selected Records from Cracow Municipal Books. Kraków: Polska Akademia Umiejętności, 1995. Edition of records on the Jews from the medieval municipal books of Kraków, with a historical preface and extensive commentary. Indispensable for the history of the Jewish settlement in medieval Kraków.
  75. Samsonowicz, Henryk. “The Jewish Population in Poland during the Middle Ages.” Dialectics and Humanism: Polish Philosophical Quarterly 16.11 (1989): 35–42. Concise article with general reflections on the history of Jews in medieval Poland.
  76. Wyrozumski, Jerzy. “The Jews in Medieval Poland.” In The Jews in Old Poland 1000–1795. Edited by Antony Polonsky, Jakub Basista and Andrzej Link-Lenczowski, 13–22. London and New York: I. B. Tauris, 1993. Short presentation of the historical circumstances of the Jewish migration to medieval Poland, their settlement, and their status.
  77. Horn, Maurycy. “Jewish Jurisdiction’s Dependence on Royal Power in Poland and Lithuania up to 1548.” Acta Poloniae Historica 76 (1997): 5–17. Recent reexamination of relations between the Jews and Polish monarchs in the Middle Ages. Reconstructs the status of Polish Jews as described in ducal and royal privileges.
  78. Litman, Jacob. The Economic Role of Jews in Medieval Poland: The Contribution of Yitzhak Schipper. Lanham, MD: University Press of America, 1984. Thorough study of Jewish economy in medieval Poland, based on the research of Ignacy Schiper.
  79. Janeczek, Andrzej, and Thomas Wünsch, eds. On the Frontier of Latin Europe: Integration and Segregation in Red Ruthenia, 1350–1600. Warsaw: Institute of Archeology and Ethnology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 2004. Collection of articles on the formation of the multiethnic and multireligious society of Red Ruthenia in the Middle Ages; includes a number of case studies on the coexistence of various ethnic and religious groups in that province.
  80. Oleś, Marian. The Armenian Law in the Polish Kingdom (1356–1519). Rome: Edizioni Hosianum, 1966. Thorough study of the special legislation for Polish Armenians.
  81. Kizilov, Mikhail. “The Arrival of the Karaites (Karaims) to Poland and Lithuania: A Survey of Sources and Critical Analysis of Existing Theories.” Archivum Eurasiae Medii Aevi 12 (2002/2003): 29–45. Reexamination of historiographical theories on the date and circumstances of the arrival of the first Karaites in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania.
  82. Zajączkowski, Ananiasz. Karaims in Poland. History, Language, Folklore, Science. Paris: Mouton, 1961. Collection of studies of the history and culture of Karaites in Poland.
  83. Mironowicz, Antoni. The Orthodox Church and the Byelorussian People. Bialystok, Poland: Brotherhood of Sts. Cyril and Methodius in Poland, 2001. A detailed overview of the history of the Orthodox Church in Poland.
  84. Krochmal, Jacek. “Catholic-Orthodox Relations in the diocese of Przemyśl, 1350–1600.” In Lithuania and Ruthenia: Studies of a Transcultural Communication. Edited by Stefan Rohdewald, David Frick and Stefan Wiederkehr, 210–231. Wiesbaden, Germany: Harrassowitz, 2007. A case study of coexistence between Orthodox Ruthenians and Catholic Poles in the border town of Przemyśl in the Middle Ages and early modern period.
  85. Biller, Peter. “Waldenses in German-Speaking Areas in the Later 14th Century: The View of an Inquisitor.” In The Waldenses 1170–1530: Between a Religious Order and a Church. By Peter Biller, 277–291. Variorum Collected Studies Series 676. Aldershot, UK: Ashgate, 2001. The best analysis of the organization and life of Waldensians in western Pomerania, based upon the register of the inquisitor Peter Zwicker.
  86. Grundmann, Herman. The Religious Movements in the Middle Ages. Translated by Steven Rowan. Notre Dame, IN: University of Notre Dame Press, 1995. This seminal work on female piety and religious movements in the Middle Ages discusses the origins and growth of the Beguines, with a section devoted to the origins of the Free Spirit heresy.
  87. Lerner, Robert E. The Heresy of the Free Spirit in the Later Middle Ages. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1972. The best thorough analysis of the Free Spirit heresy and its attribution to the Beguine movement. A separate section discusses the 1332 trial of the Beguines of Świdnica. Reprinted in 1993.
  88. Leff, Gordon. Heresy in the Later Middle Ages: The Relation of Heterodoxy to Dissent c. 1250–c.1450. Manchester, UK: Manchester University Press, 1967. English translation of the heresy trial of Beguines from Świdnica (1332), pp. 721–740..
  89. Kras, Paweł. “Hussitism and the Polish Nobility.” In Lollardy and the Gentry in the Later Middle Ages. Edited by Margaret Aston and Colin Richmond, 183–198. Stroud, UK: Ashgate, 1997. Study of the role of Polish nobles in the promotion of Hussite doctrine in late medieval Poland.
  90. Kras, Paweł. “Hussites in Fifteenth-Century Poland.” In Geist, Gesellschaft, Kirche im 13.-16. Jahrhundert. Edited by František Šmahel, 177–189. Colloquia mediaevalia Pragensia 1. Prague: Center for Medieval Studies, 1999. Article summarizing the author’s book on the spread of Hussite ideas in 15th-century Poland.
  91. Kras, Paweł. “Polish-Czech Relations in the Hussite Period— Religious Aspects”. In Papers from the Fourth International Symposium on The Bohemian Reformation and Religious Practice under the Auspices of The Philosophical Institute of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic held at Villa Lanna, Prague, 26–28 June 2000. Edited by Zdenĕk V. David and David R. Holeton, 177–192. Prague: Czech Academy of Sciences, 2002. Reevaluation of Polish-Czech contacts in the Hussite period and their influence on the spread of Hussite ideas in 15th-century Poland. Also available online.
  92. Knoll, Paul W. “‘The Worst Heretic’: Andrzej Gałka of Dobczyn in the Academic and Ecclesiastical Context of Mid-15th Century Kraków and Poland.” Polish Review 44.1 (2009): 3–28. Good overview of Polish and international scholarship on the heresy of Andrzej Gałka.
  93. Kras, Paweł. “Wyclif’s Tradition in Fifteenth Century Poland: The Heresy of Andrzej Gałka of Dobczyn.” In Papers from Fifth International Symposium on The Bohemian Reformation and Religious Practice under the Auspices of The Philosophical Institute of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic held at Villa Lanna, Prague, 19–22 June 2002. Edited by David R. Holeton and Zdenek David, 191–210. Prague: Czech Academy of Sciences, 2005. Description of the career of Andrzej Gałka at the University of Kraków. The author analyzes Wyclif’s inspiration of his doctrine, stressing the intellectual character of his heresy. Available online.
  94. Świderska, Hanna M. “A Polish Follower of Wyclif in the XVth cent.” University of Birmingham Journal 6 (1957): 88–92. First scholarly treatment in English of Andrzej Gałka’s heresy.
  95. Kras, Paweł. “Dominican Inquisitors in Mediaeval Poland.” In Praedicatores, Inquisitores I, The Dominicans and the Mediaeval Inquisition; Acts of the 1st International Seminar on the Dominicans and the Inquisition, Rome, 23–25 February 2002. Edited by Arturo Palacios-Bernal. 249–310. Rome: Istituto storico domenicano, 2004. Study of Dominican inquisitors in late medieval Poland, their careers in the order, and preachers and antiheretical activities, with a bio-bibliographical catalogue of Dominican inquisitors in 14th- and 15th-century Poland.
  96. Halecki, Oskar. From Florence to Brest, 1439–1596. Rome: Archon, 1958. Narrative of the history of the union between the Catholic and Orthodox churches from the Council of Florence in 1439 to the Union of Brest in 1596. Reprinted in 1968; Polish edition, Lublin, Poland: Instytut Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej, 1997.
  97. Tazbir, Janusz. A State without Stakes: Polish Religious Tolerance in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries. Translated by A. T. Jordan. New York: Kościuszko Foundation, 1973. Basic study of religious toleration in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in the period of the Reformation. Includes comments on the medieval tradition of religious pluralism in medieval Poland and Lithuania.
  98. Mickūnaité, Giedré. Making a Great Ruler: Grand Duke Vytautas of Lithuania. Budapest: Central European University Press, 2006. Monograph on Grand Duke Vytautas of Lithuania. Separate sections offer reexamination of his policy toward various religious and ethnic groups in Lithuania.
  99. Wacław, Hryniewicz. “The Florentine Union: Reception and Rejection; Some Reflections on Unionist Tendencies among Ruthenians.” In Christian Unity: The Council of Ferrara-Florence, 1438/39–1989. Edited by Giuseppe Alberigo, 521–554. Leuven, Belgium: Leuven University Press, 1991. Intriguing overview of the attitudes of Ruthenians toward union with Rome in the period of the Council of Florence.
  100. Lindquist, Sven-Olof, ed. Society and Trade in the Baltic during the Viking Age: Papers of the VIIth Visby Symposium, Gotlands Fornsal, Visby, August 15th–19th, 1983. Acta Visbyensia, 7. Visby, Sweden: Gotlands Fornsal, 1985. Papers covering most of Viking world including the British Isles; noteworthy because some are about Viking connections with often overlooked regions in Finland, Germany, and Poland. In English and German.
  101. Bagge, Sverre. “Eleventh-century Norway: The Formation of a Kingdom.” In The Neighbours of Poland in the Eleventh Century. Edited by Przemysław Urbańczyk, 29–47. Warsaw, Poland: Institute of Archaeology and Ethnology, 2002. Emphasizes written sources and the development of the medieval kingdom of Norway.
  102. Melnikova, Elena A. The Eastern World of the Vikings: Eight Essays about Scandinavia and Eastern Europe in the Early Middle Ages. Gothenburg Old Norse Studies 1. Gothenburg, Sweden: Litteraturvetenskapliga Institutionen, 1996. By an interdisciplinary Russian scholar who combines studies of history, folklore, runology, numismatics, and archaeology. Moves beyond merely assessing Scandinavian participation in and contribution to early Russia (Normanist and anti-Normanist views) to examine the geography of water routes through Eastern Europe connecting Scandinavia to the Black Sea and the East, graffiti on Islamic coins found in Scandinavia and Eastern Europe, and the role of oral tradition in the Russian Primary Chronicle.
  103. Bogucki, Mateusz. “Viking Age Ports of Trade in Poland.” Estonian Journal of Archaeology 8 (2004): 100–127. Discusses several sites called “emporia” in written sources that were meeting places for merchants, placing them in the context of theoretical models concerning their emergence and role in society.
  104. Hårdh, Birgitta, and Bozena Wyszomirska-Werbart, eds. Contacts across the Baltic Sea during the Late Iron Age (5th–12th Centuries): Baltic Sea Conference, Lund, October 25–27, 1991. University of Lund Institute of Archaeology, Report Series 43. Lund, Sweden: University of Lund, Institute of Archaeology, 1992. Papers from a conference on the Migration Period (5th–6th centuries CE) through the Viking Age in Scandinavia, the East Baltic, and the Pomeranian coast in Poland. Topics include trade, numismatics, Slavic Baltic-ware pottery found in Scandinavia, and differences between Slavic log construction and Scandinavian hall-type architecture.
  105. Lindquist, Sven-Olof, ed. Society and Trade in the Baltic during the Viking Age: Papers of the VIIth Visby Symposium held at Gotlands Fornsal, Gotland’s Historical Museum, Visby, August 15th–19th, 1983. Acta Visbyensia 7. Visby, Sweden: Gotlands Fornsal, 1985. Wide-ranging papers from a conference. Topics include Viking finds in Finland, coin hoards in the East Baltic, and evidence of Viking contacts in Pomerania. Papers in English and German. Presented at Visby, August 1983.
  106. Englert, Anton, and Athena Trakadas, eds. Wulfstan’s Voyage: The Baltic Sea Region in the Early Viking Age as Seen from Shipboard. Maritime Culture of the North 2. Roskilde, Denmark: Viking Ship Museum in Roskilde, 2009. Translation of Old English notes about the late-9th-century Wulfstan of Hedeby into English, with additions about navigation and the political geography of the Baltic Sea region including southern Scandinavian and Slavic areas.
  107. Roslund, Mats. Guests in the House: Cultural Transmission between Slavs and Scandinavians 900 to 1300 AD. Translated by Alan Crozier. The Northern World 33. Leiden, The Netherlands: Brill, 2007. Examines style transmission and ethnic identity through a study of a pottery type known as “Baltic ware” found in Viking Age Sweden. Focuses on interactions between Slavic areas and Scandinavia that explain the presence of this pottery in Scandinavia. DOI: 10.1163/ej.9789004161894.i-557
  108. Melnikova, Elena A. The Eastern World of the Vikings: Eight Essays about Scandinavia and Eastern Europe in the Early Middle Ages. Gothenburg Old Norse Studies 1. Gothenburg, Sweden: Litteraturvetenskapliga Institutionen, 1996. By an interdisciplinary Russian scholar who combines studies of history, folklore, runology, numismatics, and archaeology. Moves beyond merely assessing Scandinavian participation in and contribution to early Russia (Normanist and anti-Normanist views) to examine the geography of water routes through Eastern Europe connecting Scandinavia to the Black Sea and the East, graffiti on Islamic coins found in Scandinavia and Eastern Europe, and the role of oral tradition in the Russian Primary Chronicle.
  109. Hårdh, Birgitta, and Bozena Wyszomirska-Werbart, eds. Contacts across the Baltic Sea during the Late Iron Age (5th–12th Centuries): Baltic Sea Conference, Lund, October 25–27, 1991. University of Lund Institute of Archaeology, Report Series 43. Lund, Sweden: University of Lund, Institute of Archaeology, 1992. Papers from a conference on the Migration Period (5th–6th centuries CE) through the Viking Age in Scandinavia, the East Baltic, and the Pomeranian coast in Poland. Topics include trade, numismatics, Slavic Baltic-ware pottery found in Scandinavia, and differences between Slavic log construction and Scandinavian hall-type architecture.
  110. Shepard, Jonathan. “Rus’.” In Christianization and the Rise of Christian Monarchy: Scandinavia, Central Europe and Rus’ c. 900–1200. Edited by Nora Berend, 369–416. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2007. State formation and the adoption of Christianity in Russia beginning with the period of the Viking Rus’. Demonstrates the interdependence of processes of political and religious change. DOI: 10.1017/CBO9780511496400
  111. Izydorczyk, Zbigniew, and Wiesław Wydra. A Gospel of Nicodemus Preserved in Poland. Corpus Christianorum, Series Apocryphorum, Instrumenta 2. Turnhout, Belgium: Brepols, 2007. The text of a Late Polish version and its Latin model; an indication of the longevity of the text, although this version preserves archaic features.
  112. Dembińska, Maria. Food and Drink in Medieval Poland: Rediscovering a Cuisine of the Past. Translated by Magdalena Thomas. Revised and edited by William Woys Weaver. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1999. In this revision and expansion of a doctoral thesis, Dembińska argues that economic reasons, rather than “class” division, dictated dietary choices in medieval Poland.
  113. Hoffmann, Richard C. Land, Liberties and Lordship in a Late Medieval Countryside: Agrarian Structure and Change in the Duchy of Wrocław. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1989. Hoffman examines the agrarian history of Poland through a case study of the Duchy of Wrocław (Silesia).
  114. Górecki, Piotr. Economy, Society, and Lordship in Medieval Poland, 1100–1250. New York and London: Holmes and Meier, 1992. Górecki looks at the complex relationship in medieval Poland between land, agriculture, seigneurial jurisdictions, markets, and peasants.
  115. Brzezińska, Anna. “Female Control of Dynastic Politics in Sixteenth-Century Poland.” In The Man of Many Devices Who Wandered Full Many Ways: Festschrift in Honor of János M. Bak. Edited by Balázs Nagy and Marcell Sebők, 187–194. Budapest: Central European University Press, 1999. Queen mothers and brides-to-be of the Jagiellonian dynasty sought to make their own decisions (or for their daughters) when it came to marriage arrangements.
  116. Chodor, Joanna. “Queens in Early Medieval Chronicles of East Central Europe.” East Central Europe 20–23 (1991): 9–50. Four chroniclers from the 11th and 12th centuries (Thietmar of Merseburg, Nestor of Kyiv, Cosmas of Prague, and the Gallus Anonymous) presented generally positive portraits of queens of early medieval eastern Germany, Bohemia, Poland, and Kievan Rus. Queens received attention primarily as wives, but also as mothers, politicians, and patrons of the church.
  117. Gajewski, Alexandra, and Zoë Opačić, eds. The Year 1300 and the Creation of a New European Architecture. Architectura Medii Aevi 1. Turnhout, Belgium: Brepols, 2007. The essays in this collection explore the still-neglected period of c. 1300, a time that saw profound changes in ecclesiastical architecture. The authors discuss buildings in different parts of Europe—including England, Italy, Bohemia, and Poland—and approach the subject from diverse points of view. Topics range widely from mendicant architecture and its urban context to patronage and to the visual organization of late Gothic architecture, thus emphasizing the heterogeneity and diversity of architecture in this period.
  118. Nussbaum, Norbert. German Gothic Architecture. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2000. First published in German in 1985. The book covers the area of the medieval Holy Roman Empire, including, apart from Germany, also parts of Switzerland, Austria, the Czech Republic, and Poland, and a period lasting from the 12th to the end of the 15th century. Chapters are organized chronologically, with subchapters looking at particular building types or regions. The narrative is loose enough to accommodate the vast diversity of styles and offers thought-provoking discussions on German historiography. Includes a glossary and timeline.
  119. Homza, Martin, Veronika Kucharská, Stanislava Kuzmová, and Nada Rácová, eds. Central European Charterhouses in the Family of the Carthusian Order. Analecta Cartusiana 254. Salzburg, Austria: Institut für Anglistik und Amerikanistik, University of Salzburg, 2008. Contains twenty-three essays in English and German. Most deal with aspects of the history of Central European charterhouses. No impression of regional identity emerges, and no geographical overview is attempted. However, some of the essays are important for their treatment of individual subjects, such as the charterhouse of Lapis Refugii in Poland (three essays).
  120. Bursche, Aleksander. “Germanic Gold Bracteates from the Hoard in Zagórzyn near Kalisz.” In Byzantine Coins in Central Europe between the 5th and 10th Century. Edited by Marcin Woloszyn, 133–153. Moravia Magna, seria Polona, 3. Krakow: Polish Academy of Arts and Sciences, 2009. Traces bracteates formerly provenanced to “Beresina” in Russia to a hoard from Poland. This hoard is the only find containing late Roman medallions, a barbarian imitation medallion, and bracteates; thus it is important for bracteate chronology.
  121. Adamska, Anna. “The Introduction of Writing in Central Europe (Poland, Hungary and Bohemia).” In New Approaches to Medieval Communication. Edited by Marco Mostert, 165–190. Turnhout, Belgium: Brepols, 1999. A review of the formative stages of literacy in central European countries, embedded in the recent trend of communication studies.
  122. Kabala, Irene. “Dressing the Hodegetria in Częstochowa.” Word and Image 22.3 (2006): 275–284. Highly original contribution to understanding the cult of icons in eastern Europe, here the medieval icon remade in Poland. DOI: 10.1080/02666286.2006.10435757
  123. Halecki, Oscar. The Crusade of Varna. New York: Polish Institute of Arts in America, 1943. The specialist study of the battle of 1444 at which the Ottomans crushed the Hungarians.
  124. Borkowska, Urszula. “Innocent III and the Countries of the ‘New Christianity’—Poland and Hungary.” In Innocenzo III: Urbs et orbis; Atti del congresso internazionale, Roma, 9–15 settembre 1998. Vol. 2. Edited by Andrea Sommerlechner, 1169–1191. Rome: Società Romana di Storia Patria and Istituto Italiano per il Medio Evo, 2003. A survey of Innocent’s dealings with Poland and Hungary, showing the importance of the visit to the curia of Archbishop Henry Kietlich of Gniezno, Poland, exiled during his dispute with the duke of Poland, Wladislav Spindleshanks.Suchodolski, Stansilaw. “Renovatio monetae in Poland in the 12th century.” Polish Numismatic News (Supplement to Wiadamości Numismatyczne) 5 (1961): 55–75. Considers the phenomenon of the periodic change of types and recall of old coinages throughout Europe in the central Middle Ages.
  125. Gajewski, Alexandra, and Zoë Opačić, eds. The Year 1300 and the Creation of a New European Architecture. Architectura Medii Aevi 1. Turnhout, Belgium: Brepols, 2007. The essays in this collection explore the still-neglected period of c. 1300, a time that saw profound changes in ecclesiastical architecture. The authors discuss buildings in different parts of Europe—including England, Italy, Bohemia, and Poland—and approach the subject from diverse points of view. Topics range widely from mendicant architecture and its urban context to patronage and to the visual organization of late Gothic architecture, thus emphasizing the heterogeneity and diversity of architecture in this period.
  126. Nussbaum, Norbert. German Gothic Architecture. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2000. First published in German in 1985. The book covers the area of the medieval Holy Roman Empire, including, apart from Germany, also parts of Switzerland, Austria, the Czech Republic, and Poland, and a period lasting from the 12th to the end of the 15th century. Chapters are organized chronologically, with subchapters looking at particular building types or regions. The narrative is loose enough to accommodate the vast diversity of styles and offers thought-provoking discussions on German historiography. Includes a glossary and timeline.
  127. Górecki, Piotr. Economy, Society, and Lordship in Medieval Poland, 1100–1250. New York and London: Holmes and Meier, 1992. Górecki looks at the complex relationship in medieval Poland between land, agriculture, seigneurial jurisdictions, markets, and peasants.
  128. Jørgensen, Lise Bender. North European Textiles until AD 1000. Aarhus, Denmark: Aarhus University Press, 1992. A study of textiles from northern Europe (Great Britain and Ireland, The Netherlands, Germany, Poland, and Finland, with some comparative material from elsewhere in Europe), from the Stone Age to the Viking Age. Its importance lies in its geographical scope, within which it aimed to be comprehensive, but the conclusions based on it have been much debated.
  129. Pedersen, Kathrine Vestergård, and Marie-Louise B. Nosch, eds. The Medieval Broadcloth: Changing Trends in Fashions, Manufacturing and Consumption. Ancient Textile Series, Vol. 6. Oxford: Oxbow, 2009. An assemblage of essays on history, archaeology, and art, with emphasis on Scandinavia but including Finland, the Baltic area, and Poland; with a long economic analysis of the luxury trade in England and the Low Countries over three centuries. Topics include imports versus local manufacture; trade; naming of cloths and terminology for multicolored cloth and particolored clothing; and an attempt to reconstruct medieval broadcloth to the fulling stage.
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