Structure 2014-07-10 quantifiers

Homework: p. 112 exercise 3
2 the
3 A (this is the first time we heard about the team)
4 the
5 the (the specific part (of the soil) that thaws during summer)
6 the
7 a / the
8 the (we have just one atmosphere)
9 - (noncount, generic)

10 The
11 a (first time we're hearing about this report)
12 - (noncount, non-specific - this is the first we're hearing of it)
13 an
14 the
15 the (specifically the water in that part of the Pacific)
16 The
17 the
18 -
19 the (the Pacific Ocean)
20 the
21 -
22 the
23 the
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p. 119 part B
1 the (ship names use 'the')
2 a ('steamer' is singular count)
3 the
4 an
5 The
6 -
7 - (lifeboats in general)

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QUANTIFIERS
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quantifier: a word or words that tell us how many or how much of something we have. (quantifiers tell us the quantity of something)

Only With Count Nouns:
one, each, every (one day, each day, every day - only with singular nouns)
two, both (exactly 2)
a couple (of) = around 2 (a couple hours: 1:40-3:00)
a great many > many > a number of = several > a few > a couple
I have a few friends. - It's fine, I'm happy with my life.
I have   few friends. - I'm lonely and don't have enough friends.

Only With Non-Count Nouns:
a great deal > much > a little
*I have much money. Better: I have a lot of money.
(We don't usually use 'much' in simple affirmative sentences.)
not much, very much, too much, how much
I have a little money. - I'm not rich, but everything's fine.
I have   little money. - I'm poor and need more money.

With Count and Non-Count Nouns:
no - I have no money. I have no friends.
any - I don't have any money or friends. Do you have any I can borrow?
hardly any = almost no
some (not zero, not all)
enough, plenty of, a lot of / lots of
most = more than half
 - Many Americans speak Spanish. (TRUE)
 - Most Americans speak Spanish. (FALSE)
almost all = nearly 100%
all = 100%
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With a definite article (or other specifier), all quantifiers add "of":
Most students. (in general) Most of the students. (specific students)
a couple (of) people, a couple of the people
a few friends, a few of my friends
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I saw a great deal at the market today.
 - I saw a very good price.
 - I saw a lot.
I have a great deal of new information for you.
('a great deal of' is always a quantifier)
He owns a great deal of land in this state. I owe a great deal of money.
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p. 126 exercise 2
2 any (we visited zero) some (we visited a couple, but skipped some)
3 less
4 some
5 number of (cars are countable)
6 a lot of
7 many (weren't = plural)
8 few
9 little
10 a little
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Homework: p. 126-7 exercise 3 AND p. 133 (all)