DEMO7_11

// DEMO7_11.CPP 16-bit bitmap loading demo
// require 24-bit bitmap in source directory, which is later being converted to 16-bit

// INCLUDES ///////////////////////////////////////////////

#define WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN  // just say no to MFC

#define INITGUID

#include <windows.h>   // include important windows stuff
#include <windowsx.h>
#include <mmsystem.h>
#include <iostream> // include important C/C++ stuff
#include <conio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <malloc.h>
#include <memory.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdarg.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <math.h>
#include <io.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <fstream>
#include <ddraw.h> // include directdraw

using namespace std;



// DEFINES ////////////////////////////////////////////////

// defines for windows
#define WINDOW_CLASS_NAME L"WINCLASS1"

// default screen size
#define SCREEN_WIDTH    640  // size of screen
#define SCREEN_HEIGHT   480
#define SCREEN_BPP      16   // bits per pixel

#define BITMAP_ID            0x4D42 // universal id for a bitmap
#define MAX_COLORS_PALETTE   256



// TYPES //////////////////////////////////////////////////////

// basic unsigned types
typedef unsigned short USHORT;
typedef unsigned short WORD;
typedef unsigned char  UCHAR;
typedef unsigned char  BYTE;

// container structure for bitmaps .BMP file
typedef struct BITMAP_FILE_TAG
{
    BITMAPFILEHEADER bitmapfileheader;  // this contains the bitmapfile header
    BITMAPINFOHEADER bitmapinfoheader;  // this is all the info including the palette
    PALETTEENTRY     palette[256];      // we will store the palette here
    UCHAR            *buffer;           // this is a pointer to the data

} BITMAP_FILE, *BITMAP_FILE_PTR;



// PROTOTYPES  //////////////////////////////////////////////

int Flip_Bitmap(UCHAR *image, int bytes_per_line, int height);

int Load_Bitmap_File(BITMAP_FILE_PTR bitmap, char *filename);

int Unload_Bitmap_File(BITMAP_FILE_PTR bitmap);



// MACROS /////////////////////////////////////////////////

// tests if a key is up or down
#define KEYDOWN(vk_code) ((GetAsyncKeyState(vk_code) & 0x8000) ? 1 : 0)
#define KEYUP(vk_code)   ((GetAsyncKeyState(vk_code) & 0x8000) ? 0 : 1)

// initializes a direct draw struct
#define DDRAW_INIT_STRUCT(ddstruct) { memset(&ddstruct, 0, sizeof(ddstruct)); ddstruct.dwSize = sizeof(ddstruct); }

// this builds a 16 bit color value in 5.5.5 format (1-bit alpha mode)
#define _RGB16BIT555(r,g,b) ((b & 31) + ((g & 31) << 5) + ((r & 31) << 10))

// this builds a 16 bit color value in 5.6.5 format (green dominate mode)
#define _RGB16BIT565(r,g,b) ((b & 31) + ((g & 63) << 5) + ((r & 31) << 11))

// this builds a 32 bit color value in A.8.8.8 format (8-bit alpha mode)
#define _RGB32BIT(a,r,g,b)  ((b) + ((g) << 8) + ((r) << 16) + ((a) << 24))



// GLOBALS ////////////////////////////////////////////////

HWND      main_window_handle = NULL; // globally track main window
int       window_closed      = 0;    // tracks if window is closed
HINSTANCE hinstance_app      = NULL; // globally track hinstance

// directdraw stuff

LPDIRECTDRAW7         lpdd         = NULL;   // dd object
LPDIRECTDRAWSURFACE7  lpddsprimary = NULL;   // dd primary surface
LPDIRECTDRAWSURFACE7  lpddsback    = NULL;   // dd back surface
LPDIRECTDRAWPALETTE   lpddpal      = NULL;   // a pointer to the created dd palette
LPDIRECTDRAWCLIPPER   lpddclipper  = NULL;   // dd clipper
PALETTEENTRY          palette[256];          // color palette
PALETTEENTRY          save_palette[256];     // used to save palettes
DDSURFACEDESC2        ddsd;                  // a direct draw surface description struct
DDBLTFX               ddbltfx;               // used to fill
DDSCAPS2              ddscaps;               // a direct draw surface capabilities struct
HRESULT               ddrval;                // result back from dd calls
DWORD                 start_clock_count = 0; // used for timing

BITMAP_FILE           bitmap;                // holds the bitmap

char buffer[80];                             // general printing buffer



// FUNCTIONS ////////////////////////////////////////////////

void printError (char * errorName)
{
    // print error to log.txt
    ofstream errorFile = ofstream ("log.txt");
    if (errorFile.is_open ())
    {
        errorFile << errorName << endl; //"Error: OpenFile function failure. "
    }
    errorFile.close ();
}

int Load_Bitmap_File(BITMAP_FILE_PTR bitmap, char *filename)
{
    int file_handle = 0;        // the file handle
    int index = 0;                  // looping index
    int bitmapWidth = 0;
    int bitmapHeight = 0;
    int bitmapSize = 0;
    UCHAR *temp_buffer = NULL; // used to convert 24 bit images to 16 bit
    streampos pos_cur;

    ifstream bitmapFile = ifstream ();
    bitmapFile.open (filename, ifstream::in);
    if (! bitmapFile.is_open ())
    {
    printError ("Error: OpenFile function failure. ");

        // abort
        return(0);
    }


    // load the bitmap file header:
    //_lread(file_handle, &(bitmap->bitmapfileheader), sizeof(BITMAPFILEHEADER));
    bitmapFile.read ((char *) &(bitmap->bitmapfileheader), sizeof (BITMAPFILEHEADER));

    // test if this is a bitmap file
    if (bitmap->bitmapfileheader.bfType != BITMAP_ID)
    {
        // close the file
        //_lclose(file_handle);
        bitmapFile.close ();
        printError ("error: wrong bitmap type");
        cout << "error: wrong bitmap type" << endl;
        // return error
        return(0);
    } // end if

    // now we know this is a bitmap, so read in all the sections.
    if (bitmap->bitmapinfoheader.biSizeImage == 0)
    printError ("error: biSizeImage equals 0");


    // now the bitmap infoheader:

    //_lread(file_handle, &bitmap->bitmapinfoheader, sizeof(BITMAPINFOHEADER));
    bitmapFile.seekg (sizeof (BITMAPFILEHEADER), ios::beg);
    pos_cur = bitmapFile.tellg (); // save current stream position
    bitmapFile.read ((char *) &(bitmap->bitmapinfoheader), sizeof (BITMAPINFOHEADER));

    //cout << bitmap->bitmapinfoheader.biBitCount << endl;


    // now load the color palette if there is one
    if (bitmap->bitmapinfoheader.biBitCount == 8)
    {
        //_lread(file_handle, &bitmap->palette, MAX_COLORS_PALETTE * sizeof(PALETTEENTRY));
        // not tested:
        bitmapFile.read ((char *) &(bitmap->palette), MAX_COLORS_PALETTE * sizeof(PALETTEENTRY));

        // now set all the flags in the palette correctly and fix the reversed
        // BGR RGBQUAD data format
        for (index = 0; index < MAX_COLORS_PALETTE; index++)
        {
            // reverse the red and green fields
            int temp_color                = bitmap->palette[index].peRed;
            bitmap->palette[index].peRed  = bitmap->palette[index].peBlue;
            bitmap->palette[index].peBlue = temp_color;

            // always set the flags word to this
            bitmap->palette[index].peFlags = PC_NOCOLLAPSE;
        } // end for index

    } // end if

    bitmapWidth = bitmap->bitmapinfoheader.biWidth * (bitmap->bitmapinfoheader.biBitCount / 8);
    bitmapHeight = bitmap->bitmapinfoheader.biHeight;
    bitmapSize = bitmapWidth * bitmapHeight;


    // finally the image data itself:
    //_lseek(file_handle, -((int) (bitmap->bitmapinfoheader.biSizeImage)), SEEK_END);
    bitmapFile.seekg (-((int) bitmapSize), ios::end);
    //bitmapFile.seekg (sizeof (BITMAPINFOHEADER) + sizeof (BITMAPFILEHEADER) + MAX_COLORS_PALETTE * sizeof(PALETTEENTRY), ios::beg);

    // now read in the image, if the image is 8 or 16 bit then simply read it
    // but if its 24 bit then read it into a temporary area and then convert
    // it to a 16 bit image

    if (bitmap->bitmapinfoheader.biBitCount == 8  ||
         bitmap->bitmapinfoheader.biBitCount == 16 ||
         bitmap->bitmapinfoheader.biBitCount == 24)
    {
        // delete the last image if there was one
        if (bitmap->buffer)
            free(bitmap->buffer);

        // allocate the memory for the image
        //if (!(bitmap->buffer = (UCHAR *) malloc (bitmap->bitmapinfoheader.biSizeImage))) // error: biSizeImage == 0 !
        if (!(bitmap->buffer = (UCHAR *) malloc (bitmapSize)))
        {
            // close the file
            //_lclose(file_handle);
            bitmapFile.close ();

            // return error
            return(0);
        } // end if

        // now read it in
        //_lread(file_handle, bitmap->buffer, bitmap->bitmapinfoheader.biSizeImage);
        bitmapFile.read ((char *) (bitmap->buffer), bitmapSize);

    } // end if
    else
    {
        // serious problem
        return(0);

    } // end else


    // close the file
    //_lclose(file_handle);
    bitmapFile.close ();

    // flip the bitmap

    Flip_Bitmap(bitmap->buffer,
                    bitmap->bitmapinfoheader.biWidth * (bitmap->bitmapinfoheader.biBitCount / 8),
                    bitmap->bitmapinfoheader.biHeight);
    //cout << "biSizeImage: " << bitmap->bitmapinfoheader.biSizeImage << endl;
    //cout << (bitmap->bitmapinfoheader.biWidth * (bitmap->bitmapinfoheader.biBitCount / 8)) * bitmap->bitmapinfoheader.biHeight << endl;

    // return success
    return(1);

} // end Load_Bitmap_File

///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////


int Unload_Bitmap_File(BITMAP_FILE_PTR bitmap)
{
    // this function releases all memory associated with "bitmap"
    if (bitmap->buffer)
    {
        // release memory
        free(bitmap->buffer);

        // reset pointer
        bitmap->buffer = NULL;

    } // end if

    // return success
    return(1);

} // end Unload_Bitmap_File

///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

int Flip_Bitmap(UCHAR *image, int bytes_per_line, int height)
{
    // this function is used to flip bottom-up .BMP images

    UCHAR *buffer; // used to perform the image processing
    int index;     // looping index

    // allocate the temporary buffer
    if (!(buffer = (UCHAR *) malloc (bytes_per_line*height)))
        return(0);

    // copy image to work area
    memcpy(buffer,image,bytes_per_line*height);

    // flip vertically
    for (index=0; index < height; index++)
        memcpy(&image[((height-1) - index) * bytes_per_line],   &buffer[index * bytes_per_line], bytes_per_line);

    // release the memory
    free(buffer);

    // return success
    return(1);

} // end Flip_Bitmap

///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

LRESULT CALLBACK WindowProc(HWND hwnd,
    UINT msg,
    WPARAM wparam,
    LPARAM lparam)
{
    // this is the main message handler of the system
    PAINTSTRUCT     ps;     // used in WM_PAINT
    HDC             hdc;    // handle to a device context
    //char buffer[80];        // used to print strings

    // what is the message
    switch(msg)
    {
    case WM_CREATE:
        {
            // do initialization stuff here
            // return success
            return(0);
        } break;

    case WM_PAINT:
        {
            // simply validate the window
            hdc = BeginPaint(hwnd,&ps);

            // end painting
            EndPaint(hwnd,&ps);

            // return success
            return(0);
        } break;

    case WM_DESTROY:
        {

            // kill the application, this sends a WM_QUIT message
            PostQuitMessage(0);

            // return success
            return(0);
        } break;

    default:break;

    } // end switch

    // process any messages that we didn't take care of
    return (DefWindowProc(hwnd, msg, wparam, lparam));

} // end WinProc

///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

int Game_Main(void *parms = NULL, int num_parms = 0)
{
    // this is the main loop of the game, do all your processing
    // here

    // make sure this isn't executed again
    if (window_closed)
        return(0);

    // for now test if user is hitting ESC and send WM_CLOSE
    if (KEYDOWN(VK_ESCAPE))
    {
        PostMessage(main_window_handle, WM_CLOSE, 0, 0);
        window_closed = 1;
    } // end if

    // copy the bitmap image to the primary buffer line by line
    // notice the 24 to 16 bit conversion pixel by pixel

    // lock the primary surface
    lpddsprimary->Lock(NULL, &ddsd, DDLOCK_SURFACEMEMORYPTR | DDLOCK_WAIT, NULL);

    // get video pointer to primary surfce
    USHORT *primary_buffer = (USHORT *) ddsd.lpSurface;

    // process each line and copy it into the primary buffer
    for (int index_y = 0; index_y < SCREEN_HEIGHT; index_y++)
    {
        for (int index_x = 0; index_x < SCREEN_WIDTH; index_x++)
        {
            // get BGR values, note the scaling down of the channels, so that they
            // fit into the 5.6.5 format
            UCHAR blue  = (bitmap.buffer[index_y * SCREEN_WIDTH*3 + index_x*3 + 0]) >> 3, // /2^3 ; 8
                    green = (bitmap.buffer[index_y * SCREEN_WIDTH*3 + index_x*3 + 1]) >> 2, // /2^2 ; 4
                    red   = (bitmap.buffer[index_y * SCREEN_WIDTH*3 + index_x*3 + 2]) >> 3; // /2^3 ; 8

            // this builds a 16 bit color value in 5.6.5 format (green dominant mode)
            USHORT pixel = _RGB16BIT565(red, green, blue);

            // write the pixel
            primary_buffer[index_x + (index_y * ddsd.lPitch >> 1)] = pixel;

        } // end for index_x

    } // end for index_y

    // now unlock the primary surface
    if (FAILED(lpddsprimary->Unlock(NULL)))
        return(0);

    // do nothing -- look at pretty picture

    // return success or failure or your own return code here
    return(1);

} // end Game_Main

////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

int Game_Init(void *parms = NULL, int num_parms = 0)
{
    // this is called once after the initial window is created and
    // before the main event loop is entered, do all your initialization
    // here

    // create IDirectDraw interface 7.0 object and test for error
    if (FAILED(DirectDrawCreateEx(NULL, (void **) &lpdd, IID_IDirectDraw7, NULL)))
        return(0);

    // set cooperation to full screen
    if (FAILED(lpdd->SetCooperativeLevel(main_window_handle,
        DDSCL_FULLSCREEN | DDSCL_ALLOWMODEX | DDSCL_EXCLUSIVE | DDSCL_ALLOWREBOOT)))
        //DDSCL_NORMAL | DDSCL_ALLOWREBOOT)))
        return(0);

    // set display mode to 1024x768x8
    if (FAILED(lpdd->SetDisplayMode(SCREEN_WIDTH, SCREEN_HEIGHT, SCREEN_BPP, 0, 0)))
        return(0);

    // clear ddsd and set size
    DDRAW_INIT_STRUCT(ddsd);

    // enable valid fields
    ddsd.dwFlags = DDSD_CAPS;

    // request primary surface
    ddsd.ddsCaps.dwCaps = DDSCAPS_PRIMARYSURFACE;

    // create the primary surface
    if (FAILED(lpdd->CreateSurface(&ddsd, &lpddsprimary, NULL)))
        return(0);

    // load the 24-bit image
    if (!Load_Bitmap_File(&bitmap, "bitmap24.bmp"))
        return(0);


    // return success or failure or your own return code here
    return(1);

} // end Game_Init

/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

int Game_Shutdown(void *parms = NULL, int num_parms = 0)
{
    // this is called after the game is exited and the main event
    // loop while is exited, do all you cleanup and shutdown here


    // first the palette
    if (lpddpal)
    {
        lpddpal->Release();
        lpddpal = NULL;
    } // end if

    // now the primary surface
    if (lpddsprimary)
    {
        lpddsprimary->Release();
        lpddsprimary = NULL;
    } // end if

    // now blow away the IDirectDraw4 interface
    if (lpdd)
    {
        lpdd->Release();
        lpdd = NULL;
    } // end if

    // unload the bitmap file, we no longer need it
    Unload_Bitmap_File(&bitmap);

    // return success or failure or your own return code here
    return(1);

} // end Game_Shutdown

// WINMAIN ////////////////////////////////////////////////

int WINAPI WinMain( HINSTANCE hinstance,
    HINSTANCE hprevinstance,
    LPSTR lpcmdline,
    int ncmdshow)
{

    WNDCLASSEX winclass; // this will hold the class we create
    HWND       hwnd;     // generic window handle
    MSG        msg;      // generic message
    //HDC        hdc;      // graphics device context

    // first fill in the window class stucture
    winclass.cbSize         = sizeof(WNDCLASSEX);
    winclass.style          = CS_DBLCLKS | CS_OWNDC | CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW;
    winclass.lpfnWndProc    = WindowProc;
    winclass.cbClsExtra     = 0;
    winclass.cbWndExtra     = 0;
    winclass.hInstance      = hinstance;
    winclass.hIcon          = LoadIcon(NULL, IDI_APPLICATION);
    winclass.hCursor        = LoadCursor(NULL, IDC_ARROW);
    winclass.hbrBackground  = (HBRUSH)GetStockObject(BLACK_BRUSH);
    winclass.lpszMenuName   = NULL;
    winclass.lpszClassName  = WINDOW_CLASS_NAME;
    winclass.hIconSm        = LoadIcon(NULL, IDI_APPLICATION);

    // save hinstance in global
    hinstance_app = hinstance;

    // register the window class
    if (!RegisterClassEx(&winclass))
        return(0);

    // create the window
    if (!(hwnd = CreateWindowEx(NULL,   // extended style
        WINDOW_CLASS_NAME,  // class
        L"DirectDraw 16-Bit Bitmap Loading", // title
        WS_POPUP | WS_VISIBLE,
        0, 0,           // initial x,y
        SCREEN_WIDTH,SCREEN_HEIGHT,  // initial width, height
        NULL,           // handle to parent
        NULL,           // handle to menu
        hinstance,  // instance of this application
        NULL)))     // extra creation parms
        return(0);

    // save main window handle
    main_window_handle = hwnd;

    // initialize game here
    Game_Init();

    // enter main event loop
    while(TRUE)
    {
        // test if there is a message in queue, if so get it
        if (PeekMessage(&msg,NULL,0,0,PM_REMOVE))
        {
            // test if this is a quit
            if (msg.message == WM_QUIT)
                break;

            // translate any accelerator keys
            TranslateMessage(&msg);

            // send the message to the window proc
            DispatchMessage(&msg);
        } // end if

        // main game processing goes here
        Game_Main();

    } // end while

    // closedown game here
    Game_Shutdown();

    // return to Windows like this
    return(msg.wParam);

} // end WinMain

///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////