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In Europe and America, we have seen that science has been used as a vehicle for the furthering of religious ideals. This is especially true when in relation to the control of colonized people. As a culture of colonialization developed, we saw the marginalization of many peoples. The ginseng trade, the public health of the Philippines and the testing of Native American DNA exemplify this scientific control methodology in order to further their own religious ideology.
The ginseng trade is a great example of how control was exerted through economic means. The perversion of the indigenous practices was also a strong attack on the culture’s individual worth. The French colonizers exerted control by masking their intentions with medical and scientific purposes. However, their main goal was not the discovery of any new cures. Their goal was to introduce “new methods to earn money (Baptiste, 39)” by diversifying the markets that we imposed on them. With no regard for the well-being of these people, they infest their homelands and force their ‘superior’ cultural actions on them. With no regard for any of the native’s schema, they simply take this very foreign spice and turn it into the new miracle drug. Burnings of large areas occurred as well as massive amounts of harvesting. “This is not just a story about good intentions gone awry but an illustration of the consequences that could follow as indigenous knowledge was made global (Parson, 72).”
Perhaps facing the worst series of events, the Philippines has struggled with being exploited for a very long time. We can see a great deal of dehumanization coming from the difference in skin tone. Further discrediting them in the eyes of the United States is their primary religious practice of Catholicism, which was imposed previously by the Spanish. The Catholic religion was introduced to remove the devil from these helpless natives, according to the Spanish. Not only did we ‘win’ them in the Spanish-American war, but we also quickly associated them with disease and uncleanliness. Comics began illustrating the Philippines as a small and dirty child, implying a sort of helplessness that made Americans feel obligated in further ownership of the people. It was then that we began imposing our way of living. Imperialized trade introduced new foods which made them sick and malnourished. An example of this would be the treatment of the newly imported rice was stripped of nutrients, causing a lack in certain vitamins that lead to malnourishment and birth defects. When these people became forcibly involved in this market-based system, they were forced to give up a way of living that was sustainable. When imperialist expectations were pushed upon the Filipino culture, we saw the stigmatization of traditions. The kissing of babies, the rearing of children and other cultural practices were said to be the causation of the problems pushed onto them by the occupation of their land by these same people who are placing the blame. The event is well summarized by the quote given by Briggs on page 190 of Bonnie McElhinny’s article titled "Kissing a Baby Is Not at All Good for Him": Infant Mortality, Medicine, and Colonial Modernity in the U.S.-Occupied Philippines
“Practices that placed populations at risk seemed to emerge from tradition and culture, not from the global economic constrains faced by people suffering from poverty and malnutrition.”
Native Americans are notable in the sense that they were oppressed through genetic governmental means. The American government was trying to determine who was native. The Protestant-centric government of the United States was so uninformed about native traditions, practices and culture that they were doing things only in regards to how they saw most efficient. The government, which had almost no tribal representation didn’t understand “the DNA profile is taken as a powerful marker for Native American identity” (Tallbear, 4). Tribal ‘enrollment’ and inclusion to benefits such as financial support depend largely upon DNA testing as well as a genealogy that traces back to a ‘base roll’ of ancestors. As they saw the Native American population as on the brink of extinction, in the late 18th and early 19th century settler grave robbed and cultivated bone samples from the deceased on the battlefield in order to conduct tests and preserve them historically. This is an example of how this mistreatment of the Native’s beliefs are continually disrespected in the name of the privileged whites to further their oppression of natives.