BEFORE:
Serbia should take more action to speed up negotiations with European Union and NATO. Also  should invest even more effort on having good partnership with neighbouring countries. Serbia should consider a possible new alliance between Montenegro, Serbia, Hungary, Croatia and Romania since all these countries share an interest. In recent history Croatia (EU and NATO member) has been Serbia’s strongest supporters, a good policy response would be to ask Croatia to cooperate with this investigation and to share expertise when tightening both country’s cyber security defenses against future similar attacks. Croatian GDP per person is higher than in Serbia. Since Montenegro has been wanting to also tighten its relationship with Serbia due to shared interests in tourism and wanting to join EU and NATO, Montenegro would be a good ally. Romania, EU member, has supported Serbia’s ascension to EU and also been a partner in energy sector. Romania is more than twice as large and has higher GDP per capita than Serbia. Hungary (EU+NATO member) is lacking energy expertise and thus is very dependent on Serbia’s energy and is interested in Serbia’s power plants being error free. Hungary is also as large as Serbia and has higher GDP per capita. This alliance can be further supported and  financed by a consortium of all the 24 countries that are interconnected to shared electrical grid and are all interested that similar attacks would not happen again.


AFTER:
Serbia should take more action to speed up membership negotiations with European Union and NATO. One of the aims for that should be to receive expertise and consultations from EU and NATO to strengthen their defences against similar cyber attacks against their critical infrastructure.
Also  Serbia should invest even more effort on having good partnership with neighbouring countries. Serbia should consider a possible new cyberdefence alliance between Montenegro, Serbia, Hungary, Croatia and Romania since all these countries share an interest supporting each other in the same region. Each of these countries have a lot to gain having neighbours with strong and reliable cyber security. The aim of this alliance would be to share security expertise against potential adversaries, assist each other in cyber security investigations and support each other when quickly sharing useful information against cyber attacks.
Another source for support, finance and expertise would be to make an electrical grid alliance of 24 countries that share the same electric grid across Europe, and who are all interested that no cyber attacks against any parts of that electrical grid would not happen and that cyber security defenses are as up to date as possible. This is because any successful attack against any part of the electrical grid would risk the downtime of all the grid.