2019-07-24 Core: 4 plans and work vocab

Greg Malivuk
gmalivuk@staffordhouse.com
http://www.pastebin.com/u/gmalivuk - notes from all classes
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Homework:
1 F
2 S
3 O
4 U
5 K
6 D
7 P
8 I
9 C
10 T
11 E
12 Q
13 A
14 B
15 J
16 V
17 H
18 N
19 M
20 L
21 R
22 G
She said, “I am not going to be able to come tomorrow due to the fact that I have an important doctor’s appointment.”
She was like, “I’m not gonna come because I have an appointment.”
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After an anonymous phone call, the police go to a house to arrest a suspected murderer. They don't know what he looks like but they know his name is John and that he is inside the house. The police bust in on a carpenter, a truck driver, a mechanic and a fireman all playing poker. Without hesitation or communication of any kind, they immediately arrest the fireman. How do they know they've got their man?

Ask yes/no questions to try to guess the explanation.
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p. 47 part 10 - With your partner, write predictions for each situation. Choose one of the options in parentheses.
1 Meena probably won’t crash on her first drive. (or “will probably not”)
2 Tamil Selvan will probably buy a car.
3 Kashinath Manna’s life might not change.
4 The Nokia factory will certainly expand.
5 Job opportunities will definitely increase.
6 Traveling around will certainly be easier.
7 People’s standard of living might improve.
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p. 47 part 13 - With a partner from another country, discuss your predictions about these things (or others) in the next 10 years. Which of you is more optimistic about the future of your country?
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For predictions, “be going to” is often the same as “will”. However, if you have evidence right now that makes you very sure about your prediction, “going to” is more common. If you don’t have evidence and are just guessing about the distant future, “will” is more common.
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p. 48 - What do the women in the pictures do?
- Devi is a gas station attendant.
- Elisabeth is a cheesemaker. (“cheesemonger” is an old-fashioned word for someone who sells cheese)
- Sahera is a graduate.
Listen to the women talk about their careers and plans.
part 2 - Choose the correct information.
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We can say that someone is “semi-retired” if they have stopped working full-time (and have maybe started taking money from a retirement account) but still work sometimes.
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part 3 - Listen again and fix the incorrect information.
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p. 175 - In the audio script, find future sentences about:
Something Devi has already decided to do: “I’m not going to stay in this job forever.”
Something Devi has decided and arranged to do: “I’m taking the entrance exam next month.”
Something Devi decides to do while speaking: “I’ll tell him soon.”
- How about Elisabeth and Sahera?
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BREAK
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Grammar: decisions and plans about the future

- decisions made while speaking: “will” + base form
	I’ll call you back tomorrow.
	(Offers and promises also use “will”, even when the speaker’s decision was in the past.)
- decisions made before speaking: [be] going to + base form
	I’m going to travel somewhere before I look for a job.
- decisions with arrangements made before speaking: present continuous ([be] + verb(ing))
	I’m meeting my friends for lunch tomorrow.
- scheduled future events: simple present
	We have a test on Monday. My flight leaves at 10:00.

Notes:
- When we use present forms to talk about the future, it’s necessary to include words and expressions about the future. Otherwise listeners understand the present.
	I don’t know what I’m doing. = I don’t know what I’m doing right now.
	I don’t know what I’m doing next weekend. = I don’t know what my future plans are.
- Continuous forms are only correct for action verbs (just like in the past and present)
- Some actions don’t require any additional arrangements. We can use present continuous for these.
	This evening I’m staying at home and watching Netflix.
- If “going to” and present continuous are both correct, we usually use present continuous.
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p. 49 part 8 - Choose the correct option for each sentence. Then check with your partner and explain why you chose those options if you disagree.
1 I’m taking (It’s already arranged and sounds like it’s already happening.)
2 I’m starting
3 I’m going to take
4 I’m going to manage (She’s not sure of her ability, so this is a prediction, not a plan.)
5 they are going to do (Without “next year” or another future expression, “they’re doing” means now.)
6 I’m going to be (This is a prediction AND “be a great mechanic” is not an action.)
7 I’ll have (This is also more of a prediction than a plan.)
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Pronunciation: “gonna” reduction of “going to”

[be] + going to + [base form] -> [be] + “gonna” + [base form]

- This is only correct with “be going to” as a future “modal”, followed by another verb.
	OK: I’m gonna visit my parents next week. (“going” is a helping verb and can be reduced)
	WRONG: I’m gonna the bank after work.
		(I’m going to the bank. - “going” is the main verb and needs full pronunciation)
- You still must use [be] and can’t use “to” with “gonna”.
	Correct: I’m gonna visit them.
	WRONG: I’m gonna to visit them.
	WRONG: I gonna visit them.

(Most of the time, the important thing is that you can understand reduced pronunciation.)
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Vocabulary: education and career paths

part 10 - Complete these timelines with expressions from the box.
1 pass a test / stay in school
2 get bad grades / fail a test
3 take a training course
4 get a degree

I dropped out of college and quit my job. = I decided to leave both places.
They kicked me out of college and my boss fired me from my job. = I had to leave both places.
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intern = someone “practicing” for a business type of job
apprentice = someone practicing for a trade or vocation

career = one or more jobs in the same field (together with necessary education and training)
major = primary area of study in a university
	(minor = secondary area of study)

Degrees:
associate’s = 2 years of study
bachelor’s = 4 years of study
master’s = 2 more years after a bachelor’s
doctorate = 2 more years after a master’s / 3-4 more years after a bachelor’s
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p. 50 part 9 - Read each description and think of a job it describes.
flex time = you’re expected to do a certain amount of work (e.g. 8 hours a day), but you can start and finish more or less when you want to
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Homework: read the article on p. 51 and do p. 50 parts 2, 3, 4