2019-05-07 TOEFL: word roots, reading reference

Word Roots - with your partner, try to think of one or two words to explain the meaning of each root.
morph (amorphous, metamorphosis, morphology) = form
multi (multicolored, multilayers) = many (This is the Latin root.)
nat (native, innate, natal) = birth
neo (neoclassical, neocolonialism, Neolithic) = new
nom/nym (nominate, misnomer, pseudonym, anonymous) = name
nov (innovate, novelty, nova) = new
nov (November) = nine (At one time the year began in March.)
ob (obstruct, object) = in front of
omni (omnipotent, omnidirectional, omnivore) = all (This is the Latin root.)
optim (optimal, optimize) = best
opt (optician, optometry) = eye/vision
paleo (paleontology, Paleolithic, paleozoic) = old
pan (panacea, panorama, pandemic) = all (This is the Greek root.)
path (pathology, antipathy, empathy) = suffer (Many words that begin with this root have to do more specifically with disease.)
ped (pedestrian, pedicure) = foot
ped/paed (pediatrician, pedagogy) = child
peri (perimeter, peripheral) = around
phil (philanthropy, philosophy, bibliophile) = love/attraction
phob (arachnophobia, claustrophobia) = fear/aversion
phon (phonograph, microphone, homophone) = sound
photo (photograph, photosynthesis, photon) = light
pod (podium, podiatry, tripod) = foot
poly (polygon, polyglot) = many (This is the Greek root.)
port (transport, portable) = carry (pass through)
post (posthumous, postpone) = later/after
proto (prototype, proton, protocol) = first
pseudo (pseudonym, pseudopod) = fake/false
psych (psychopath, psychotherapy, psychology) = mind
pute (computer, dispute) = think/calculate/reckon
pyro (pyromaniac, pyrotechnics, pyre) = fire
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TOEFL: 4 hours, $205, 120 possible points (30 each on four sections)
1 reading: 60-80 minutes, 3 or 4 passages, about 14 questions per passage (15 points)
2 listening: 60-90 minutes, 2 or 3 sets (each set = 17 questions, 10 minutes to answer, 3 listenings)
	(10-minute break)
3 speaking: 20 minutes, 6 tasks, 5.5 minutes of speaking time
4 writing: 55 minutes, 2 tasks, 20+30 minutes of writing time
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Which speaking tasks include a text to read?
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BREAK
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3 and 4
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Reading Question Types:
- fact/detail
- negative fact
- vocabulary
- purpose/method
- paraphrase/sentence restatement
- reference/pronoun
- inference/conclusion
- sentence insertion
- summary
- organization/categorize
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Identify the question types in ETS 2 test 5.
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Reference Questions
- These are not very common on the test, but knowing what pronouns refer to is very important for general reading comprehension and several other question types, such as sentence insertion and paraphrase.
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p. 64-66 describes these questions and how to answer them
Make sure you understand all the reference words and phrases on p. 64
- both, either, neither, former, latter: these refer to two things
(all, any, none, first, last: same meanings, for more than two things)
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The referent (the correct answer) will agree on number (singular, dual, plural) and gender with the pronoun, and will make sense in the sentence with the pronoun.
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Read the article and, in your own words, say what the highlighted vocabulary terms mean and what the highlighted reference forms refer to.
bay = large open space inside something
That timeline = 4 to 6 weeks of the body moving downward
livestock = animals used in agriculture (for food)
carcass = dead animal
just that = try composting in a vertical system
aerate = put (fresh) air in something
loam = a material from compost that is something like soil
That =
That =
local vernacular =
suffused =
foster =
That =
frills =
embrace =
folks =
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Homework: finish this article AND answer the questions in 2R3 on p. 70-71 of your book