1. Create a tree structure named ‘training’ in which there are 3 subdirectories – ‘level
1’,’ level2’ and ‘cep’. Each one is again further divided into 3. The ‘level 1’ is divided
into ‘sdp’, ‘re’ and ‘se’. From the subdirectory ‘se’ how can one reach the home
directory in one step and also how to navigate to the subdirectory ‘sdp’ in one step?
Give the commands, which do the above actions?

2. How will you copy a directory structure dir1 to dir2 ? (with all the subdirectories)

3. How can you find out if you have the permission to send a message?

4. Find the space occupied ( in Bytes) by the /home directory including all its
subdirectories.

5. What is the command for printing the current time in 24-hour format?

6. What is the command for printing the year, month, and date with a horizontal tab
between the fields?

7. Create the following files: chapa, chapb, chapc, chapd, chape, chapA, chapB,
chapC, chapD, chapE, chap01, chap02, chap03, chap04, chap05, chap11, chap12,
chap13, chap14, and chap15.

8. With reference to question 7, What is the command for listing all files ending in
small letters?

9. With reference to question 7, What is the command for listing all files ending in
capitals?

10. With reference to question 7, What is the command for listing all files whose last
but one character is 0?

11. With reference to question 7, What is the command for listing all files which end
in small letters but not ‘a’ and ‘c’?

12. In an organisation one wants to know how many programmers are there. The
employee data is stored in a file called ‘personnel’ with one record per employee.
Every record has field for designation. How can grep be used for this purpose?

13. In the organisation mentioned in question 12 how can sed be used to print only
the records of all employees who are programmers.

14. In the organisation mentioned in question 12 how can sed be used to change the
designation ‘programmer’ to ‘software professional’ every where in the ‘personnel’
file

15. Find out about the sleep command and start five jobs in the background, each
one sleeping for 10 minutes.

16. How do you get the status of all the processes running on the system? i.e. using
what option?