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Post Title 'ETM Assignment-1 Answers'
Compiled on 17-Sep-2017
Answers by user 'Adusumilli-Uday-Kumar'
Link will Expire on '3-OCT-2017'
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1. Define Management. Explain the functions of Management.
Ans.  Management can be defined as "The art of getting things done through and with the people in formally organized groups. It is an art of creating an environment in which people can perform and individuals and can co-operate towards attainment of group goals."

The most widely accepted are functions of management given
by KOONTZ and O’DONNEL i.e. Planning, Organizing, Staffing, Directing and Controlling.

1. Planning
Deals with chalking out a future course of action and deciding in advance the most appropriate course of actions for achievement of pre-determined goals. Planning is necessary to ensure proper utilization of human and non-human resources. It is all pervasive, it is an intellectual activity and it also helps in avoiding confusion, uncertainties, risks, wastages etc.

2. Organizing
It is the process of bringing together physical, financial and human resources and developing productive relationship amongst them for achievement of organizational goals. Organizing as a process involves:
• Identification of activities.
• Classification of grouping of activities.
• Assignment of duties.
• Delegation of authority and creation of responsibility.
• Coordinating authority and responsibility relationships.

3. Staffing
It is the function of manning the organization structure and keeping it manned. The main purpose of staffing is to put right man on right job. Staffing involves:
• Manpower Planning (estimating man power in terms of searching, choose the person and giving the right place).
• Recruitment, selection and placement.
• Training and development.
• Remuneration.
• Performance appraisal.
• Promotions and transfer.

4. Directing
Direction is that inert-personnel aspect of management which deals directly with influencing, guiding, supervising, motivating sub-ordinate for the achievement of organizational goals. Direction has following elements:
• Supervision
• Motivation
• Leadership
• Communication
(i) Supervision- implies overseeing the work of subordinates by their superiors.
(ii) Motivation- means inspiring, stimulating or encouraging the sub-ordinates with zeal to work. Positive, negative, monetary, non-monetary incentives may be used for this purpose.
(iii) Leadership- may be defined as a process by which manager guides and influences the work of subordinates in desired direction.
(iv) Communications- is the process of passing information, experience, opinion etc from one person to another. It is a bridge of understanding.

5. Controlling
The purpose of controlling is to ensure that everything occurs in conformities with the standards. An efficient system of control helps to predict deviations before they actually occur. Therefore controlling has following steps:
(i) Establishment of standard performance.
(ii) Measurement of actual performance.
(iii) Comparison of actual performance with the standards and finding out deviation if any.
(iv) Corrective action.

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