public class DataActivity extends Activity implements Listener {
    Handler dataReceivedHandler = new Handler(Looper.getMainLooper());

    ...

    @Override
    public void onDataReceived(Data data) {
        dataReceivedHandler.post(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                //тут ты делаешь обновление
                notifyDataSetChanged();
            }
        });
    }
}