API tools faq
paste
Advertisement
jonstond2

Ancient Pueblo (Anasazi) Art (Art History)

jonstond2
Mar 15th, 2018
399
0
Never
Add comment
Not a member of Pastebin yet? Sign Up, it unlocks many cool features!
text 111.38 KB | None | 0 0
raw download clone embed print report
  1. Introduction
  2. The Ancient Pueblo (aka, “Anasazi”) tradition ranged between c. 500 BCE and 1600 CE in the American Southwest. Although the tradition is identified primarily through archaeological research, it is widely seen as the primary ancestral tradition to the historic and modern Puebloan communities in New Mexico, Arizona, and the surrounding region. Indeed, a significant degree of direct cultural continuity has been established between the late prehistoric phases, commencing after c. 1300 CE, and historic Pueblo communities along the northern Rio Grande area and the Hopi mesas of northeastern Arizona. The demarcation between ancient and historic contexts is determined by the effects of the earliest Spanish colonization in the early 1600s in northern New Mexico. The Ancient Puebloan culture is considered the largest and longest-lived of several ancient cultures that co-existed in the Greater Southwest prior to 1600. Archaeologically, Ancient Pueblo culture traditionally is divided into an early “Basketmaker” period (c. 500 BCE–500 CE) and a later Pueblo period (c. 500 CE–16 CE). Art historical scholarship on Ancient Puebloan art and architecture is relatively young and is dominated by anthropological and archaeological methods and theory (see the Oxford Bibliographies article “Native North American Art, Pre-Contact”). The earliest publications date to the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Though primarily archaeological in nature, many of these early reports are still valuable to art historians for establishing context and providing original descriptions and early photographs and illustrations. Not until the 1970s did distinct bodies of scholarship on Ancient Puebloan art begin to emerge from a generation of academic art historians, such as J. J. Brody of the University of New Mexico, including scholarship dedicated to related Mimbres pottery. Theoretical approaches to Ancient Pueblo art and architecture by archaeologists and art historians have varied considerably over the past 150 years. Until the mid-20th century, Ancient Pueblo art works were typically treated as archaeological artifacts often stored in ethnological collections; rock art was commonly dismissed as art altogether, primarily because of difficulty in dating and assigning cultural affinity. Not until the 1940s did the truly artistic merits of Native American art begin to be acknowledged, despite the fact that architecture and pottery composed the primary lines of evidence for Alfred Kidder’s groundbreaking An Introduction to the Study of Southwestern Archaeology (Kidder 1962, cited under Archaeological Studies). Stephen Plog’s Ancient Peoples of the American Southwest (Plog 2008, cited under Archaeological Studies) and, Stephen H. Lekson’s A History of the Ancient Southwest (Lekson 2009, cited under Anthropological Overviews) provide overviews of the evolution of archaeological theory in their relative introductions. J. J. Brody’s Anasazi and Pueblo Painting (Brody 1991, cited under Media Studies: Painting) provides an extended discussion of the history of Puebloan art historical theory and scholarship as well the relationship of art history to archaeology in the introduction. Polly Schaafsma’s article “Form, Content, and Function: Theory and Method in North American Rock Studies (Schaafsma 1985, cited under Rock Art: Thematic Studies) provides a review and critical discussion on theories and methods specific to rock art studies. A note on terminology: the term “Anasazi” (literally, “ancient enemy”) comes from the Navajo language, of a completely different culture from that of the Pueblos, and has rather derogatory, racially offensive connotations. Since the 1990s, many Puebloan communities have pushed to replace its usage officially with the more politically acceptable term “Ancient Pueblo” (or “Puebloan”). In this article, the term “Ancient Puebloan” is used as frequently as possible. However, because the term “Anasazi” remains so widespread in the relevant scholarship, its usage is retained herein if the original source uses that term.
  3.  
  4. General Overviews
  5. A number of good, comprehensive general overviews of Ancient Puebloan art and architectural styles and mediums are listed in the following sections. These overviews are primarily archaeological in their focus and consider the Ancient Puebloan tradition in a variety of contexts. Well-illustrated volumes with especially strong art historical focus solely on the Ancient Puebloan tradition, though limited in number, include Brody 1990 (cited under Art Historical Overviews), Bruggmann and Acatos 1990 (cited under Art Historical Overviews), Cordell 1994 (cited under Anthropological Overviews), and Rohn and Ferguson 2006 (cited under Anthropological Overviews). Surveys that include continuity between the Ancient and Modern Puebloan styles include Whiteford 1989 (cited under Anthologies) and Berlo and Phillips 1998 (cited under Art Historical Overviews). Comprehensive overviews that consider the Ancient Puebloan tradition within the broader context of the Greater Southwest paradigm include Plog 2008 (cited under Archaeological Studies), and Lekson 2009 (cited under Anthropological Overviews). Even broader approaches placing the Ancient Puebloan tradition in relationship to the entire ancient North American culture area include Snow 1976 (cited under Archaeological Studies), Berlo and Phillips 1998 (cited under Art Historical Overviews), and Penney 2004 (cited under Art Historical Overviews). Each of these volumes includes a discussion of primary methods and theory for each area of interest.
  6.  
  7. Anthropological Overviews
  8. Most broad overviews of the Ancient Puebloan culture are written by anthropologists or archaeologists, but they usually depend heavily on art and architecture for their interpretations. The most useful versions of these include Lekson 2009 and Rohn and Ferguson 2006.
  9.  
  10. Ambler, J. Richard. The Anasazi. Flagstaff: Museum of Northern Arizona, 1977.
  11.  
  12. Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  13.  
  14. Provides a short introduction to the major art forms of the Anasazi for the novice reader. Unnumbered chapters focus on specific media (architecture, pp. 12–21, clothing and adornment, pp. 22–25, basketry and textiles, pp. 26–29, and pottery, pp. 30–43), with a single later chapter (pp. 45–48) on religious life. Not particularly in-depth analysis, but it is well illustrated with numerous color images.
  15.  
  16. Find this resource:
  17.  
  18. Cordell, Linda S. Ancient Pueblo Peoples. Exploring the Ancient World. Montreal: St. Remy, 1994.
  19.  
  20. Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  21.  
  22. From the series Exploring the Ancient World published by St. Remy Press and the Smithsonian Institution, this book presents a well-researched and highly readable, though not especially insightful, overview of the entire Puebloan tradition, both ancient and modern.
  23.  
  24. Find this resource:
  25.  
  26. Kopper, Philip. The Smithsonian Book of North American Indians: Before the Coming of the Europeans. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution, 1986.
  27.  
  28. Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  29.  
  30. Provides a well-illustrated but very basic general introduction to the prehistoric native traditions of North America and Mexico. Kopper, a journalist and historian, devotes pages 218–245 to the entire Southwest region, with references to the Ancient Puebloan tradition interspersed throughout. The volume does include some excellent color images.
  31.  
  32. Find this resource:
  33.  
  34. Lekson, Stephen H. A History of the Ancient Southwest. Santa Fe, NM: School for Advanced Research, 2009.
  35.  
  36. Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  37.  
  38. Uses the history of archaeological research to provide a revisionist view of the ancient Southwest from a more humanistic, less traditional archaeological perspective. Though written in a familiar, but rather informal style, the advanced content is not for the novice reader. Valuable for its extensive use of Ancient Puebloan architectural styles as measures of cultural evolution and interaction with non-Puebloan cultures.
  39.  
  40. Find this resource:
  41.  
  42. Lister, Robert H., and Florence C. Lister. Those Who Came Before: Southwestern Archeology in the National Park System. Tucson: University of Arizona Press, 1983.
  43.  
  44. Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  45.  
  46. A basic introduction to ancient Southwestern culture areas administered through the National Park System by noted archaeologists Lister and Lister and the Southwest Parks and Monuments Association. Includes a basic history of archaeology for each area and a review of the cultural designations (Anasazi, Mogollon, etc.). Good illustrations of early photography of the sites prior to archaeological restoration.
  47.  
  48. Find this resource:
  49.  
  50. Ortiz, Alfonso, ed. Handbook of North American Indians. Vol. 9, Southwest. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution, 1979.
  51.  
  52. Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  53.  
  54. This volume alone contains 59 essays from different specialists on ancient Southwestern prehistory, culture, archaeology, and art. Of particular note for Ancient Puebloan art are essays by Fred Plog (pp. 108–130), Linda S. Cordell (pp. 131–151), Richard B. Woodbury (pp. 467–473), J. O. Brew (pp. 514–523), and J. J. Brody (pp. 603–608). An essential resource for any research on Southwestern Native American culture.
  55.  
  56. Find this resource:
  57.  
  58. Pike, Donald G., and David Muench. Anasazi: Ancient People of the Rock. Palo Alto, CA: American West, 1974.
  59.  
  60. Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  61.  
  62. Provides an extravagantly illustrated broad introduction to Anasazi culture, along with related neighboring cultures Salado and Sinagua, primarily for the novice reader. Not critically or intellectually in depth, but useful for the photographs.
  63.  
  64. Find this resource:
  65.  
  66. Rohn, Arthur H., and William M. Ferguson. Puebloan Ruins of the Southwest. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 2006.
  67.  
  68. Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  69.  
  70. Ferguson, a lawyer, and Rohn, an archaeologist, provide a broad introduction to ancient Anasazi culture with detailed descriptions of numerous major sites and associated art works. The volume is organized along basic chronological sequences. Excellent introduction to the region. Outstanding color illustrations, including numerous aerial photographs.
  71.  
  72. Find this resource:
  73.  
  74. Art Historical Overviews
  75. The relatively small number of overviews actually written by art historians include excellent studies by Brody 1990 and Bruggmann and Acatos 1990. Good additional overviews that consider Ancient Puebloan culture within the broader context of North American Indian art include Berlo and Phillips 1998 and Penney 2004.
  76.  
  77. Berlo, Janet C., and Ruth B. Phillips. Native North American Indian Art. Oxford History of Art. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press, 1998.
  78.  
  79. Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  80.  
  81. Provides a good general introduction and survey of North American Indian art and its history. Chapters are organized according to geographic regions. Ancient Puebloan art and architecture, along with Mimbres pottery, are briefly reviewed (pp. 40–49). Although a good overall treatment, coverage of the Ancient Puebloan tradition is very superficial.
  82.  
  83. Find this resource:
  84.  
  85. Brody, J. J. The Anasazi: Ancient Indian People of the American Southwest. New York: Rizzoli, 1990.
  86.  
  87. Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  88.  
  89. Along with Bruggmann and Acatos 1990, provides one of the best-illustrated general art historical surveys of Anasazi art and architecture. All aspects and forms of Anasazi art and architecture are considered, complemented by numerous high-quality illustrations. Still considered a primary resource.
  90.  
  91. Find this resource:
  92.  
  93. Bruggmann, Maximilien, and Sylvio Acatos. Pueblos: Prehistoric Indian Cultures of the Southwest. New York and Oxford: Facts on File, 1990.
  94.  
  95. Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  96.  
  97. A lavishly illustrated overview of the art of the entire Ancient Puebloan tradition by Bruggmann, a professional photographer, and Acatos, an art historian. Chapters are organized by media and form, rather than chronologically. Though not as intellectually probing as more scholarly works, it is still invaluable for its high quality color illustrations.
  98.  
  99. Find this resource:
  100.  
  101. Penney, David W. North American Indian Art. World of Art. New York: Thames & Hudson, 2004.
  102.  
  103. Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  104.  
  105. A concise survey of major North American Indian art traditions spanning prehistoric and historic periods. Pages 78–97 are devoted primarily to the Ancient Puebloan tradition. Very superficial treatment of Ancient Puebloan art forms, but a good resource for comparing a few key examples of Ancient Puebloan art to non-Puebloan art forms.
  106.  
  107. Find this resource:
  108.  
  109. Tanner, Clara Lee. Prehistoric Southwestern Craft Arts. Tucson: University of Arizona Press, 1976.
  110.  
  111. Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  112.  
  113. Tanner, an archaeologist, presents a comprehensive survey of ancient Southwestern “craft arts,” primarily those of the Ancient Puebloan tradition. Tanner, focuses respectively on construction techniques and Ancient Puebloan designs for Basketry (Chapter 2), Weaving (Chapter 3), and Pottery (Chapter 4).
  114.  
  115. Find this resource:
  116.  
  117. Anthologies
  118. Anthologies and collected papers on Ancient Puebloan topics abound in the literature. The references in this section include content most specifically relevant to matters of artistic or art historical interpretation across the entire Ancient Puebloan culture.
  119.  
  120. Atkins, Victoria M., ed. Anasazi Basketmaker: Papers from the 1990 Wetherill-Grand Gulch Symposium. Cultural Resource 24. Salt Lake City, UT: US Department of the Interior, Bureau of Land Management, 1993.
  121.  
  122. Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  123.  
  124. Presents fifteen collected papers and eight appendixes from a 1990 symposium on Basketmaker archaeology. Updated archaeological interpretations of early Basketmaker material culture and research from the Cedar Mesa–Grand Gulch region of Utah. Includes an important essay on Basketmaker rock art by Sally Cole (Cole 1990, cited under Rock Art).
  125.  
  126. Find this resource:
  127.  
  128. Cordell, Linda S., and Judith A. Habicht-Mauche, eds. Potters and Communities of Practice: Glaze Paint and Polychrome Pottery in the American Southwest, A.D. 1250 to 1700. Anthropological Papers of the University of Arizona 75. Tucson: University of Arizona Press, 2012.
  129.  
  130. Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  131.  
  132. Contains sixteen essays from different specialists on Anasazi glazed and polychrome ceramics of central New Mexico and eastern Arizona. Includes comparative discussion of related non-Anasazi styles. Excellent technical study of materials and techniques, as well as social context, but only minimal discussion of art historical issues, such as iconography or style.
  133.  
  134. Find this resource:
  135.  
  136. Doyel, David E., ed. Anasazi Regional Organization and the Chaco System. Anthropological Papers (Maxwell Museum of Anthropology) 5. Albuquerque: Maxwell Museum of Anthropology, 1992.
  137.  
  138. Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  139.  
  140. Contains fifteen essays from specialists in different disciplines on contextual approaches to Chacoan architecture. Topics include specific formal and design issues, relationships to features beyond Chaco Canyon, and relationships to broader regional social entities (trade networks, foreign interaction, etc.). Heavily anthropological, but useful for interpreting Chaco architectural symbolism.
  141.  
  142. Find this resource:
  143.  
  144. Markovich, Nicholas C., Wolfgang F. E. Preiser, and Fred G. Sturm, eds. Pueblo Style and Regional Architecture. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1992.
  145.  
  146. Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  147.  
  148. Presents twenty-one essays from different specialists on the evolution of Pueblo architectural design and symbolism in both ancient and modern contexts, including an essay by Pueblo art historian Rina Swentzell (pp. 23–30). Combines archaeology, ethnohistory, and art historical interpretations into good synthetic analyses of Ancient and Modern Puebloan architecture.
  149.  
  150. Find this resource:
  151.  
  152. Morrow, Baker H., and V. B. Price, eds. Anasazi Architecture and American Design. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 1997.
  153.  
  154. Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  155.  
  156. Contains sixteen essays from different specialists on the history and interpretation of Anasazi building design and site planning, including cosmography, mythology, and ecology. Scholarly, critical treatment of Anasazi architecture, although with minimal black-and-white illustrations.
  157.  
  158. Find this resource:
  159.  
  160. Whiteford, Andrew Hunter, ed. I Am Here: Two Thousand Years of Southwestern Indian Art and Culture. Santa Fe: Museum of New Mexico, 1989.
  161.  
  162. Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  163.  
  164. Contains six essays from different specialists on art forms from both the Ancient and Modern Puebloan tradition. Individual chapters on specific media stress the continuity from prehistoric to history periods in the production and characteristics of each form. Objects are drawn from the collections of the New Mexico Laboratory of Anthropology in Santa Fe.
  165.  
  166. Find this resource:
  167.  
  168. Museum and Exhibition Catalogues
  169. References in this section provide either printed or electronic catalogues of exhibitions or museum collections of Ancient Puebloan art works. Ancient Puebloan sculpture and portable painting is rare in such collections so exhibition-quality catalogues are not as frequent as in other art styles (see also The Mimbres: Art History).
  170.  
  171. Bandelier National Monument Museum Collections.
  172.  
  173. Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  174.  
  175. This website of the National Park Service Museum Management Program provides an online catalogue of objects held in the collection of the on-site museum in Bandelier National Monument. Not an extensive collection, but good digital images on a searchable site, with provenance and some interpretive annotations.
  176.  
  177. Find this resource:
  178.  
  179. Douglas, Frederic H., and Rene d’Harnoncourt. Indian Art of the United States. New York: Museum of Modern Art, 1941.
  180.  
  181. Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  182.  
  183. Published to accompany the landmark exhibition of the same name at the Museum of Modern Art in New York City in 1941. Objects were selected for their artistic, aesthetic appeal, rather than as ethnographic objects. Ancient Puebloan works included Basketmaker baskets and sandals, prehistoric Mimbres and Hopi ceramics, and reproductions of Awatovi kiva murals.
  184.  
  185. Find this resource:
  186.  
  187. Fields, Virginia M., and Victor Zamudio-Taylor, eds. The Road to Aztlan: Art from a Mythic Homeland. Los Angeles: Los Angeles County Museum of Art, 2001.
  188.  
  189. Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  190.  
  191. The official exhibition catalogue of a show held at the Los Angeles County Museum of Art in 2001. Contains twenty-one essays by a variety of scholars, focusing on prehistoric and historic connections between the American Southwest and Mesoamerica, including several essays dealing with Ancient Puebloan images and themes.
  192.  
  193. Find this resource:
  194.  
  195. Museum Collection of Chaco Culture National Historic Park.
  196.  
  197. Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  198.  
  199. This website of the National Park Service Museum Management Program provides an online catalogue of objects held in the collection of the on-site museum in Chaco Canyon Historic Park. Not an extensive collection, but good digital images on a searchable site, with provenance and extended discussions.
  200.  
  201. Find this resource:
  202.  
  203. Robb, Matthew. “Ancient Southwestern Ceramics.” In Lines on the Horizon: Native American Art from the Weisel Family Collection. By Matthew Robb and Jill D’Alessandro, 18–39. San Francisco: Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco, 2014.
  204.  
  205. Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  206.  
  207. An excellent essay covering Mimbres, Ancient Puebloan, and prehistoric Hopi Sikyatki pottery, included in the catalogue of the Weisel Collection of Native American art housed at the de Young Museum in San Francisco. Excellent color photographs of the Mimbres collection.
  208.  
  209. Find this resource:
  210.  
  211. Townsend, Richard F., gen. ed. The Ancient Americas: Art from Sacred Landscapes. Chicago: Art Institute of Chicago, 1992.
  212.  
  213. Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  214.  
  215. This catalogue accompanied the exhibition of the same name presented by the Art Institute of Chicago from 1992 to 1993. The catalogue contains twenty-five essays from different specialists on major cultures and styles from all of ancient America. Includes two essays by J. J. Brody, pages 88–101, and Stephen Lekson, pages 102–114, respectively, on Mimbres pottery and Southwestern architecture. Excellent color photographs.
  216.  
  217. Find this resource:
  218.  
  219. Townsend, Richard F., ed. Casas Grandes and the Ceramic Art of the Ancient Southwest. Chicago: Art Institute of Chicago, 2005.
  220.  
  221. Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  222.  
  223. This catalogue accompanied the exhibition of the same name presented at the Art Institute of Chicago in 2005. Lavishly illustrated examples of well-preserved Ancient Puebloan ceramic vessels and figures, with three essays by different scholars on the relationship between the ancient Southwest and northern Mesoamerica.
  224.  
  225. Find this resource:
  226.  
  227. Periodicals
  228. References in this section range from highly popular magazines such as National Geographic to highly focused professional journals generally not intended for the uninitiated reader. The sources are grouped by the principal geographic region of the publication’s target audience or the specific area of specialization. Most (but not all) maintain current websites.
  229.  
  230. National Periodicals
  231. These publications, though primarily anthropological in approach, frequently present art historical analyses and interpretations to a national (often international) audience.
  232.  
  233. American Anthropologist. 1902–.
  234.  
  235. Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  236.  
  237. The quarterly journal of the American Anthropological Association. Originally published by the Anthropological Society of Washington, 1888–1902. Presents collected essays by a variety of scholars on all aspects of American archaeology, including frequent essays on Ancient Puebloan art and architecture. Available online by subscription.
  238.  
  239. Find this resource:
  240.  
  241. American Antiquity. 1936–.
  242.  
  243. Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  244.  
  245. The highly prestigious quarterly journal of the Society for American Archaeology. The standard professional journal for American archaeology, it has routinely presented professional essays on all aspects of Ancient Puebloan prehistory and culture. Though dominated by advanced anthropological theory and methods, it is still a prime source for current and original scholarship.
  246.  
  247. Find this resource:
  248.  
  249. National Geographic Magazine. 1888–.
  250.  
  251. Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  252.  
  253. Published by the National Geographic Society. The earlier editions (prior to c. 1950) of the popular magazine were primary publishing venues for original archaeological reports on many Anasazi and Ancient Puebloan topics from the Southwest, including earliest published reports by Neil M. Judd (Judd 1925, cited under Archaeological Studies: Later Pueblo Archaeology [c. 500 CE–1600 CE]) and Earl H. Morris (Morris 1925, cited under Archaeological Studies: Basketmaker Archaeology [c. 500 BCE–500 CE]) on Pueblo Bonito and Canyon de Chelly, respectively. Available online by subscription.
  254.  
  255. Find this resource:
  256.  
  257. Regional Periodicals
  258. These publications, though primarily archaeological in nature, frequently present art historical analyses and interpretations of Ancient Puebloan objects to a regionally defined audience, typically a state or regional archaeological society.
  259.  
  260. Arizona Archaeologist. 1967–.
  261.  
  262. Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  263.  
  264. The annual journal of the Arizona Archaeological Society presenting collected essays by a variety of scholars on all aspects of Arizona archaeology, including frequent essays on Ancient Puebloan art and architecture.
  265.  
  266. Find this resource:
  267.  
  268. Journal of Anthropological Research, 1973–.
  269.  
  270. Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  271.  
  272. A quarterly publication by the University of New Mexico Press and the Laboratory of Anthropology, Santa Fe presenting collected essays by a variety of scholars on all aspects of New Mexico archaeology, including frequent essays on Ancient Puebloan art and architecture. Originally published as the Southwestern Journal of Anthropology from 1945 to 1972.
  273.  
  274. Find this resource:
  275.  
  276. Kiva: The Journal of Southwestern Anthropology and History. 1935–.
  277.  
  278. Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  279.  
  280. A quarterly journal presenting essays on new and recent archaeology and art historical analysis focused primarily on Arizona. Excellent source for up-to-date interpretations of all aspects of Ancient Puebloan culture. Published by the Arizona Archaeological and Historical Society.
  281.  
  282. Find this resource:
  283.  
  284. Masterkey for Indian Lore and History. 1956–1983.
  285.  
  286. Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  287.  
  288. A quarterly journal that contained a variety of articles focused on Ancient Puebloan objects in the collections of the Southwest Museum, Los Angeles. Published by the Southwest Museum, Los Angeles.
  289.  
  290. Find this resource:
  291.  
  292. Papers of the Archaeological Society of New Mexico. 1968–.
  293.  
  294. Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  295.  
  296. An annual journal published by the Archaeological Society of New Mexico presenting collected essays by a variety of scholars on all aspects of New Mexico archaeology, including frequent essays on Ancient Puebloan art and architecture.
  297.  
  298. Find this resource:
  299.  
  300. Plateau: The Land & People of the Colorado Plateau. 2004–.
  301.  
  302. Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  303.  
  304. The quarterly publication by the Museum of Northern Arizona containing numerous essays from different specialists focusing on a wide range of Ancient Puebloan art and architectural subjects. Primary focus is on topics related to the northern Arizona area. Well illustrated. Originally published from 1939 to 1994 and reinstated in 2004.
  305.  
  306. Find this resource:
  307.  
  308. Southwestern Lore. 1935–.
  309.  
  310. Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  311.  
  312. The quarterly journal of the Colorado Archaeological Society presenting collected essays by a variety of scholars on all aspects of Colorado archaeology, including frequent essays on Ancient Puebloan art and architecture.
  313.  
  314. Find this resource:
  315.  
  316. Rock Art Periodicals
  317. The scholarly popularity of Ancient Puebloan rock art studies has generated a number of websites dedicated specifically to this genre. Those cited here are the most comprehensive and useful for art history and rock art scholars.
  318.  
  319. American Indian Rock Art. 1975–.
  320.  
  321. Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  322.  
  323. The annual publication of papers presented at the American Rock Art Research Association (ARARA) annual conference covering rock art topics from throughout the Americas, including frequent essays on Ancient Puebloan art.
  324.  
  325. Find this resource:
  326.  
  327. Papers of the Utah Rock Art Research Association Annual Symposium. 1980–.
  328.  
  329. Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  330.  
  331. Presents collected essays by various rock art specialists from the Utah Rock Art Research Association (URARA) annual symposium. Focusing on rock art imagery from Utah, Ancient Puebloan topics are routinely interspersed among the publications. As of 2012, publications are available online only through the Utah Rock Art Research Association website.
  332.  
  333. Find this resource:
  334.  
  335. Rock Art Papers. 1983–.
  336.  
  337. Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  338.  
  339. The annual publication of papers presented at the Annual Rock Art Symposium presented by the San Diego Museum of Man. Topics cover full range of global rock art styles and traditions, including frequent focus on Ancient Puebloan culture. Very scholarly, in-depth approach to the subject, aimed primarily at specialists in the field.
  340.  
  341. Find this resource:
  342.  
  343. Research Bibliographies
  344. Comprehensive research bibliographies dedicated specifically to Ancient Puebloan art and architecture are, in fact, extremely rare and obscure. The references in this section provide accessible bibliographies of more limited focus, though comprehensive within their specific areas.
  345.  
  346. Chaco Research Archive.
  347.  
  348. Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  349.  
  350. A collaborative, online archive and database of the University of Virginia Institute for Advanced Technology in the Humanities and the Department of Anthropology dedicated to providing access to a wealth of information documenting the history of archaeological research in Chaco Canyon, New Mexico. Includes a searchable image database of over 50,000 images relating to Chaco archaeology and art (see also Chaco Canyon: Mesoamerica).
  351.  
  352. Find this resource:
  353.  
  354. Oppelt, Norman T. Southwestern Pottery: An Annotated Bibliography and List of Types and Wares. 2d ed. Metuchen, NJ: Scarecrow, 1988.
  355.  
  356. Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  357.  
  358. Provides a comprehensive bibliography of Southwestern pottery types, as of the publication date. Divided into three different sections, with alphabetical listings of the many pottery types accordingly. Brief comparisons with some non-Southwestern types. Minimal art historical interpretation, but useful for further research on the topic. Black-and-white illustrations.
  359.  
  360. Find this resource:
  361.  
  362. Ortiz, Alfonso, ed. Handbook of North American Indians. Vol. 9, Southwest. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution, 1979.
  363.  
  364. Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  365.  
  366. Though technically not a dedicated bibliography, the Handbook of North American Indians series does, in fact, contain the most extensive bibliography as of 1979 on the overall Anasazi tradition, including numerous art historical references (pp. 623–678). An essential resource for any research on Southwestern Native American culture (see also General Overviews: Anthropological Overviews).
  367.  
  368. Find this resource:
  369.  
  370. Schroedl, Alan R. A Selected Bibliography of Utah Archeology. University of Utah Anthropological Papers 102. Salt Lake City: University of Utah Press, 1979.
  371.  
  372. Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  373.  
  374. Provides an extended, though now somewhat dated, bibliography of archaeological reports and publications specific to Utah prehistory. Includes numerous citations on Ancient Puebloan ceramics, rock art, figurines, and fiber arts.
  375.  
  376. Find this resource:
  377.  
  378. Whitley, David S., ed. Handbook of Rock Art Research. Walnut Creek, CA: AltaMira, 2001.
  379.  
  380. Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  381.  
  382. An exhaustive, comprehensive bibliography of rock art research and scholarship worldwide. Organized by major global geographic regions with essays by various scholars from different disciplines reviewing the relevant rock art scholarship. Chapter 14, “North American Indian Agriculturalists” contains a brief introductory discussion on Anasazi rock art scholarship by Todd W. Bostwick, pages 426–434.
  383.  
  384. Find this resource:
  385.  
  386. Guide books
  387. Popular guide books generally hold little scholarly or research value, but the nature of Ancient Puebloan culture and scholarship, particularly in their emphasis on site-specific forms such as architecture and rock art, enhances the importance of location and access information. Many such guide books exist for the Southwest, but two of the more useful and well-written guide books are cited here.
  388.  
  389. Folsom, Franklin, and Mary Elting Folsom. America’s Ancient Treasures: A Guide to Archeological Sites and Museums in the United States and Canada. 4th rev., enl. ed. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 1993.
  390.  
  391. Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  392.  
  393. A comprehensive visitor’s guide book. The Southwest chapter (pp. 2–123) 3 covers the American Southwest with Ancient Puebloan sites scattered throughout the entire chapter. Minimal interpretive information with the focus primarily on architectural remains, but an excellent source for locating and visiting sites and associated museums.
  394.  
  395. Find this resource:
  396.  
  397. Noble, David Grant. Ancient Ruins of the Southwest. 2d rev. ed. Flagstaff, AZ: Northland, 2000.
  398.  
  399. Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  400.  
  401. A general guide to major publicly accessible ruins and monuments, with a general introduction to each culture and style. Organized by major ancient culture areas (Mogollon, Hohokam, Anasazi, Sinagua, Salado, and Pueblos), the Anasazi tradition comprises approximately one-half of the entire volume. Well illustrated, with many color images, but primarily for the casual student.
  402.  
  403. Find this resource:
  404.  
  405. Thematic Studies
  406. The references in this section are devoted to defined topics or themes and, as such, are more iconographic and art historical in their approach. Topics range across a variety of media and cultural contexts.
  407.  
  408. Adams, E. Charles. The Origin and Development of the Pueblo Katsina Cult. Tucson: University of Arizona Press, 1991.
  409.  
  410. Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  411.  
  412. Presents arguments and evidence that the Pueblo Katsina (Kachina) Cult originated around 1300 CE in the Four Corners region, not earlier as has long been held in traditional scholarship. The author’s research relies extensively on cross-media analysis and interpretations of Ancient Puebloan ceramics, rock art, and mural painting.
  413.  
  414. Find this resource:
  415.  
  416. Arrhenius, Olof W., Robert H. Lister, and Florence C. Lister, eds. Stones Speak and Waters Sing: The Life and Works of Gustaf Nordenskiöld. Mesa Verde National Park, CO: Mesa Verde Museum Association, 1984.
  417.  
  418. Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  419.  
  420. A biography of Swedish collector Gustaf Nordenskiöld, compiled by his son-in-law Olof W. Arrhenius in the 1960s from original journals and letters and edited by archaeologists Robert Lister and Florence Lister. Nordenskiöld amassed a substantial collection of Ancient Puebloan objects and shot some of the first photographs of the Mesa Verde ruins (see also Nordenskiöld 1990, cited under Archaeological Studies: Later Pueblo Archaeology [c. 500 CE–1600 CE]).
  421.  
  422. Find this resource:
  423.  
  424. Glowacki, Donna M., and Scott Van Keuren, eds. Religious Transformation in the Late Pre-Hispanic Pueblo World. Amerind Studies in Archaeology 8. Tucson: University of Arizona Press, 2011.
  425.  
  426. Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  427.  
  428. Contains eleven essays by various scholars from different disciplines focusing on Ancient Puebloan religion. Essays focus on spatial planning and organization of Ancient Puebloan villages, iconographic interpretation of Rio Grande rock art, architectural space and performance, and mural painting. Scholarly discussions, though with minimal black-and-white illustrations.
  429.  
  430. Find this resource:
  431.  
  432. LeBlanc, Steven A. Prehistoric Warfare in the American Southwest. Salt Lake City: University of Utah Press, 1999.
  433.  
  434. Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  435.  
  436. Presents a study of the evidence for warfare behavior in the ancient Southwest. Chapters 2 and 3 present Ancient Puebloan art works and imagery—primarily ceramics, rock art, and mural painting—as supporting evidence for the author’s assertions. Good example of Ancient Puebloan imagery used to support evidence for anthropological theory building.
  437.  
  438. Find this resource:
  439.  
  440. Neitzel, Jill E., ed. Pueblo Bonito: Center of the Chacoan World. Washington, DC, and London: Smithsonian Institution, 2003.
  441.  
  442. Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  443.  
  444. Presents eleven essays from different specialists on Pueblo Bonito, Chaco Canyon. Topics include archaeological reconstruction, building orientation and function, burials, astronomy, gender, and associated artifacts.
  445.  
  446. Find this resource:
  447.  
  448. Schaafsma, Polly, ed. Kachinas in the Pueblo World. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 1994.
  449.  
  450. Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  451.  
  452. Contains fourteen essays from different specialists dealing with Kachina imagery in the Ancient and Modern Puebloan world, specifically as it refers to rain god symbolism. Particular emphasis is placed on stylistic and cultural interaction between the Puebloan area and Ancient Mesoamerica. Excellent illustrations.
  453.  
  454. Find this resource:
  455.  
  456. Schaafsma, Polly, ed. New Perspectives on Pottery Mound Pueblo. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 2007.
  457.  
  458. Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  459.  
  460. Presents eleven essays and four appendixes by various scholars from different disciplines offering updated interpretations of Pottery Mound Pueblo, a late prehistoric Puebloan site in New Mexico. Ceramics, mural painting, and archaeological context are emphasized.
  461.  
  462. Find this resource:
  463.  
  464. Smith, Watson, and Raymond H. Thompson, eds. When Is a Kiva? And Other Questions about Southwestern Archaeology. Tucson: University of Arizona Press, 1990.
  465.  
  466. Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  467.  
  468. Contains a brief biography and the collected essays of Watson Smith, known primarily for his pioneering studies of ancient Hopi kiva murals and pottery (Smith 1952, cited under Media Studies: Painting; Smith 1971, cited under Media Studies: Ceramics and Pottery). Detailed descriptions of style, motifs, and iconography, along with analysis of ancient kiva design and function. Essential source for research on this subject.
  469.  
  470. Find this resource:
  471.  
  472. Media Studies
  473. Numerous publications have been dedicated to specific Ancient Puebloan media, materials, and art genres or forms, including architecture. In Ancient Puebloan culture, art works often combined different forms of expression, such as painted pottery, so strict media distinctions are often not as clear as in traditional Western art.
  474.  
  475. Architecture
  476. Architectural studies are abundant in Ancient Puebloan scholarship because architecture and ceramics tend to be the most well-preserved remains, and architecture was the first material form to attract scholarly attention in the 19th century. Only the most useful examples covering the entire chronology and geography of Ancient Puebloan architecture are referenced in this section.
  477.  
  478. Mindeleff, Victor. A Study of Pueblo Architecture in Tusayan and Cibola. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution, 1989.
  479.  
  480. Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  481.  
  482. Though predominantly historic in its coverage, Mindeleff presents the historic pueblos as descendant from earlier Anasazi architecture, establishing stylistic continuity with the past traditions. Includes drawings of several ancient, deserted Puebloan sites rarely documented in other scholarship. Many black-and-white illustrations. Originally published in 1891.
  483.  
  484. Find this resource:
  485.  
  486. Morgan, William N. Ancient Architecture of the Southwest. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1994.
  487.  
  488. Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  489.  
  490. Provides an exhaustive architectural survey of all major prehistoric traditions of the ancient Southwest. The author, an architect, provides detailed descriptions and plans for all major documented Ancient Puebloan buildings, as well as other related ancient Southwestern cultures. An essential basic reference for Southwestern architecture. Excellent black-and-white drawings and illustrations.
  491.  
  492. Find this resource:
  493.  
  494. Nabokov, Peter, and Robert Easton. Native American Architecture. New York: Oxford University Press, 1989.
  495.  
  496. Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  497.  
  498. Nabokov, an anthropologist, and Easton, an architect, provide a comprehensive, profusely illustrated study of the architecture of all major Native American traditions north of Mexico. Pages 356–365 focus on the Anasazi tradition. The volume is especially valuable for doing cross-cultural comparisons of Ancient Puebloan architectural forms to other non-Puebloan styles.
  499.  
  500. Find this resource:
  501.  
  502. Roberts, Frank H. H., Jr. Shabik’eshchee Village: A Late Basket Maker Site in the Chaco Canyon, New Mexico. Smithsonian Institution, Bureau of American Ethnology Bulletin 92; Reprints in Anthropology 17. Lincoln, NE: J&L Reprint, 1979.
  503.  
  504. Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  505.  
  506. Reprint of the original archaeology report on the excavation of a Basketmaker pithouse village in Chaco Canyon. Numerous graphics and descriptions of Basketmaker architecture and associate artifacts, including early Puebloan pottery. Little critical art historical analysis, but good source for original context. Originally published in 1929.
  507.  
  508. Find this resource:
  509.  
  510. Smith, Watson. Prehistoric Kivas of Antelope Mesa, Northeastern Arizona. Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology, Harvard University 39.1. Cambridge, MA: Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology, Harvard University, 1972.
  511.  
  512. Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  513.  
  514. Provides an archaeological analysis of several late prehistoric Pueblo kivas from the Hopi region of northern Arizona, including Awatovi, Kawaika-a, and Jeddito ruins. Primarily descriptions of physical and principal design features. Numerous kiva plans and diagrams, with some black-and-white photographs.
  515.  
  516. Find this resource:
  517.  
  518. Thompson, Ian. The Towers of Hovenweep. Mesa Verde National Park, CO: Mesa Verde Museum Association, 1993.
  519.  
  520. Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  521.  
  522. A short guide to the major structures of Hovenweep National Monument. Little critical discussion or analysis of Ancient Puebloan art or architecture, but does contain excellent color photographs of the structures within Hovenweep, including exceptional aerial views of the major Ancient Puebloan towers.
  523.  
  524. Find this resource:
  525.  
  526. Viele, Catherine W. Voices in the Canyon. Globe, AZ: Southwest Parks and Monuments Association, 1980.
  527.  
  528. Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  529.  
  530. Presents a short introduction to, and description of, the three major Ancient Puebloan cliff dwellings in Navajo National Monument, Arizona, with a brief history of archaeological work in the monument. Aimed at a general audience, with little scholarly depth, but it does contain excellent color photographs of the ruins.
  531.  
  532. Find this resource:
  533.  
  534. Painting
  535. Studies of Ancient Puebloan painting focus almost exclusively on kiva fresco wall murals. Only Brody 1991 includes extensive analysis of other painted forms, particularly pottery and rock art, within this genre. Three seminal works, still the best source for the topic, are Smith 1952, Dutton 1963, and Hibben 1975 (see also Mimbres: Art History).
  536.  
  537. Brody, J. J. Anasazi and Pueblo Painting. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 1991.
  538.  
  539. Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  540.  
  541. Offers a cross-media analysis of Ancient Puebloan painting as a distinct art history genre, combining rock art, ceramics, wall murals, and carved objects from the entire Ancient Puebloan tradition in chronological order. A truly art historical approach to Ancient Puebloan art.
  542.  
  543. Find this resource:
  544.  
  545. Cohodas, Marvin. “Style and Symbolism in the Awatovi Kiva Mural Paintings.” In Native American Art History: Selected Readings. Edited by Zena Pearlstone Mathews and Aldona Jonaitis, 167–178. Palo Alto, CA: Peek, 1982.
  546.  
  547. Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  548.  
  549. Uses historic ethnography on Hopi figurines to interpret ancient kiva mural imagery. The author, an art historian, suggests that differences in style within the painted kiva murals from ancient Awatovi reflect related differences in the symbolic messages and ritual purposes of the mural figures. First in-depth analysis of Ancient Puebloan mural painting by an art historian.
  550.  
  551. Find this resource:
  552.  
  553. Dutton, Bertha P. Sun Father’s Way: The Kiva Murals of Kuaua. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 1963.
  554.  
  555. Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  556.  
  557. Along with Smith 1952 and Hibben 1975, this book constitutes a primary resource on ancient Anasazi painted wall murals. Dutton details the discovery, excavation, recovery, and conservation of the murals of Kuaua Pueblo in northern New Mexico and presents extending analysis of the style and iconography of various scenes and images.
  558.  
  559. Find this resource:
  560.  
  561. Hibben, Frank C. Kiva Art of the Anasazi at Pottery Mound. Las Vegas, NV: KC, 1975.
  562.  
  563. Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  564.  
  565. Along with Smith 1952 and Dutton 1963, this book is one of the seminal works on Ancient Puebloan mural painting. Well-illustrated review of the archaeological context, style, and techniques of the kiva murals. An essential resource for any research pertaining to Ancient Puebloan mural painting.
  566.  
  567. Find this resource:
  568.  
  569. Meyers, Julia Isabell. “Prehistoric Wall Decoration in the American Southwest: A Behavioral Approach.” PhD diss., University of Arizona, 2007.
  570.  
  571. Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  572.  
  573. A detailed scientific analysis of late prehistoric Hopi mural materials and construction techniques. Interprets changes in mural production as a reflection of wider social and political changes within the community during the late prehistoric and early historic periods.
  574.  
  575. Find this resource:
  576.  
  577. Peckham, Barbara A. “Pueblo IV Murals at Mound 7.” In Contributions to Gran Quivira Archeology: Gran Quivira National Monument, New Mexico. Edited by Alden C. Hayes, 15–38. Publications in Archeology 17. Washington, DC: National Park Service, US Department of the Interior, 1981.
  578.  
  579. Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  580.  
  581. Provides description and some analysis of recovered mural fragments from one Pueblo room from the site of Gran Quivira, New Mexico. The only significant, easily accessible publication on these murals. Detailed analysis of the artists’ technique, though with only black-and-white illustrations.
  582.  
  583. Find this resource:
  584.  
  585. Smith, Watson. Kiva Mural Decorations at Awatovi and Kawaika-a, with a Survey of Other Wall Paintings in the Pueblo Southwest. Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology, Harvard University 37. Cambridge, MA: Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology, 1952.
  586.  
  587. Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  588.  
  589. A seminal archaeological report on the excavations and recovery of significant prehistoric painted kiva wall murals from the abandoned Hopi site of Awatovi. An essential resource on this topic. Includes extensive analysis of design elements, motifs, and hand-painted, large-scale fold-out color reproductions of several of the more prominent polychrome mural wall segments.
  590.  
  591. Find this resource:
  592.  
  593. Tanner, Clara Lee. Southwest Indian Painting: A Changing Art. Tucson: University of Arizona Press, 1957.
  594.  
  595. Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  596.  
  597. Focuses on historic and modern Southwestern painting styles, but includes a short introduction and discussion of Ancient Puebloan painting, including Mimbres bowls and kiva murals, as ancestral forms to the modern tradition.
  598.  
  599. Find this resource:
  600.  
  601. Ceramics and Pottery
  602. Due to preservation and the use of archaeology to distinguish ancient cultures, ceramic arts have generated a substantial body of scholarship. The references in this section provide good general introductions and style analyses, as well as some of the earliest art historical treatments of Ancient Puebloan art.
  603.  
  604. Breternitz, David A., Arthur H. Rohn Jr., and Elizabeth A. Morris. Prehistoric Ceramics of the Mesa Verde Region. Museum of Northern Arizona, Ceramic 5. Flagstaff: Northern Arizona Society of Science and Art, 1974.
  605.  
  606. Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  607.  
  608. An excellent archaeological study of Mesa Verde–style ceramics of the northern Ancient Puebloan region. Formal and stylistic categorizations along with archaeological context and chronology.
  609.  
  610. Find this resource:
  611.  
  612. Colton, Harold S., and Lyndon L. Hargrave. Handbook of Northern Arizona Pottery Wares. New York: AMS, 1979.
  613.  
  614. Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  615.  
  616. Presents an early comprehensive catalogue defining all pottery styles of ancient northern Arizona. Though primarily a detailed archaeological analysis of materials and firing techniques, some emphasis is placed on formal similarities between decorative elements and motifs, an early attempt to incorporate art historical method into an archaeological analysis. Originally published in 1937.
  617.  
  618. Find this resource:
  619.  
  620. Fewkes, Jesse Walter. Designs on Prehistoric Hopi Pottery. New York: Dover, 1973.
  621.  
  622. Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  623.  
  624. An archaeological introduction to the ancient Hopi ruins of Sikyatki originally excavated by Fewkes in 1895, with the first in-depth analysis of the form, techniques, style, motifs, and iconography of Sikyatki-style pottery. Extensively illustrated. Primary resource on this topic. Originally published as two separate essays in 1898 and 1919.
  625.  
  626. Find this resource:
  627.  
  628. Huntley, Deborah. Ancestral Zuni Glaze-Decorated Pottery: Viewing Pueblo IV Regional Organization through Ceramic Production and Exchange. Tucson: University of Arizona Press, 2008.
  629.  
  630. Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  631.  
  632. An in-depth analysis of polychrome glaze-ware pottery produced in the Zuni region after 1275 CE. The focus is on ceramics as reflections of trade and long-distance interaction, but Huntley does provide a detailed analysis of the techniques and contexts for the styles under consideration.
  633.  
  634. Find this resource:
  635.  
  636. Lister, Robert H., and Florence C. Lister. Anasazi Pottery. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 1978.
  637.  
  638. Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  639.  
  640. A catalogue of Ancient Puebloan black-on-white pottery from the Mesa Verde regions collected by Earl Morris, housed at the University of Colorado Museum. The catalogue was compiled by the authors after Morris’s death. Includes original comments by Morris regarding his acquisition and provenance of many pieces and stylistic typology by Lister.
  641.  
  642. Find this resource:
  643.  
  644. Martin, Paul S., and Elizabeth S. Willis. Anasazi Painted Pottery in Field Museum of Natural History. Anthropology, Memoirs 5. Chicago: Field Museum of Natural History, 1940.
  645.  
  646. Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  647.  
  648. An extensive, highly descriptive catalogue of the collection of some 5,000 Ancient Puebloan ceramics accumulated by the Field Museum. Organized by general cultural and geographic affiliations. Well-illustrated research tool for this specific collection.
  649.  
  650. Find this resource:
  651.  
  652. Peckham, Stewart. From This Earth: The Ancient Art of Pueblo Pottery. Santa Fe: Museum of New Mexico, 1992.
  653.  
  654. Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  655.  
  656. Traces the evolution of Pueblo pottery from the earliest prehistoric Anasazi styles to modern Puebloan work. Examples are drawn from the extensive collections of the Museum of New Mexico’s Laboratory of Anthropology. Excellent color illustrations.
  657.  
  658. Find this resource:
  659.  
  660. Powell, J.W. Fourth Annual Report of the Bureau of Ethnology to the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, 1882–1883. Washington, DC: GPO, 1886.
  661.  
  662. Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  663.  
  664. Pages 265–366 of this volume contain the essay entitled “Pottery of the Ancient Pueblos” by William H. Holmes. This is the earliest significant scholarly work describing and categorizing Ancient Puebloan pottery techniques and styles, based on early accumulated collections by the Smithsonian Institution. Important historical record. Extremely accurate, detailed black-and-white drawings (no photographs) of nearly one hundred ceramic vessels and fragments.
  665.  
  666. Find this resource:
  667.  
  668. Rohn, Arthur H. Mug House, Mesa Verde National Park, Colorado. Washington, DC: US Department of the Interior, 1971.
  669.  
  670. Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  671.  
  672. A thorough archaeological analysis of objects recovered from excavations conducted in Mug House, a Mesa Verde cliff dwelling, by the National Park Service from 1960 to 1961. Of particular significance is a highly detailed description and illustrations of Puebloan ceramic vessels recovered, including distinctive Puebloan mugs.
  673.  
  674. Find this resource:
  675.  
  676. Smith, Watson. Painted Ceramics of The Western Mound at Awatovi. Papers of the Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology, Harvard University 38; Report of the Awatovi Expedition 8. Cambridge, MA: Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology, 1971.
  677.  
  678. Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  679.  
  680. Presents an extensive archaeological report on a large collection of Ancient Puebloan pottery from the late prehistoric site of Awatovi on the Hopi mesas, excavated by Smith from 1935 to 1939 (see also Smith 1952, cited under Media Studies: Painting). Well-illustrated, exhaustive formal and iconographic analysis of individual pottery motifs and decorative elements. Essential resource for research on Ancient Puebloan ceramics.
  681.  
  682. Find this resource:
  683.  
  684. Textiles and Fiber Arts
  685. A relatively large number of loom-woven objects, particularly baskets and sandals, have been preserved from the ancient Southwest, more so than from any other ancient culture north of the Andes. Woven objects are associated with the earliest Ancient Puebloans and large, fixed-loom textiles appear after 900 CE. (See also Archaeological Studies: Basketmaker Archaeology [c. 500 BCE–500 CE]).
  686.  
  687. Hays-Gilpin, Kelley Ann, Ann Cordey Deegan, and Elizabeth Ann Morris. Prehistoric Sandals from Northeastern Arizona: The Earl H. Morris and Ann Axtell Morris Research. Anthropological Papers of the University of Arizona 62. Tucson: University of Arizona Press, 1998.
  688.  
  689. Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  690.  
  691. Provides a highly detailed, in-depth analysis of a collection of Basketmaker sandals excavated by Earl Morris in the Prayer Rock District of northeastern Arizona in 1931, housed at the Arizona State Museum. Primary focus is on construction materials and techniques, with some consideration of sandal function and use. Extremely well illustrated with black-and-white drawings.
  692.  
  693. Find this resource:
  694.  
  695. Kankainen, Kathy, ed. Treading in the Past: Sandals of the Anasazi. Salt Lake City: Utah Museum of Natural History in association with the University of Utah Press, 1995.
  696.  
  697. Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  698.  
  699. A catalogue of the collection of Ancient Puebloan woven sandals and associated fiber objects housed at the University of Utah Museum of Natural History, Salt Lake City. Good color photographs of hundreds of sandals and fragments, each with accompanying extensive museum catalogue data and provenance. Primary resource on this topic.
  700.  
  701. Find this resource:
  702.  
  703. Kent, Kate Peck. Prehistoric Textiles of the Southwest. Santa Fe, NM: School of American Research Press, 1983.
  704.  
  705. Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  706.  
  707. Presents a definitive analysis of form, cultural context, and chronological evolution of major prehistoric Southwestern textiles, including Anasazi. An extensive catalogue of ancient loom-woven textiles, with interpretations based on comparison to various other media, as well as Mesoamerica and South American textiles. Though somewhat dated, still a primary resource for textile studies.
  708.  
  709. Find this resource:
  710.  
  711. Morris, Earl H., and Robert F. Burgh. Anasazi Basketry: Basket Maker II through Pueblo III; A Study Based on Specimens from the San Juan River Country. Carnegie Institution of Washington Publication 533. Washington, DC: Carnegie Institution of Washington, 1941.
  712.  
  713. Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  714.  
  715. An early comprehensive analysis of Ancient Puebloan basketry construction and design. Authors focus primarily on objects recovered from the Grand Gulch and Canyon de Chelly archaeological sites. Well illustrated in black-and-white graphics.
  716.  
  717. Find this resource:
  718.  
  719. Teague, Lynn Shuler, and Dorothy K. Washburn. Sandals of the Basketmaker and Pueblo Peoples: Fabric Structure and Color Symmetry. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 2013.
  720.  
  721. Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  722.  
  723. Provides an updated, in-depth analysis of Ancient Puebloan woven sandal technology and design patterns. Most significant is the formal and aesthetic analysis of sandal color usage, with comparisons to other Puebloan and Mesoamerican analogs. Excellent color illustrations and photographs.
  724.  
  725. Find this resource:
  726.  
  727. Weltfish, Gene. Preliminary Classification of Prehistoric Southwestern Basketry. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 87, 7. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution, 1932.
  728.  
  729. Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  730.  
  731. One of the earliest significant monographs on prehistoric Southwestern basketry. Offers a short but highly technical analysis of ancient Anasazi basket-weaving materials and construction techniques. Though not especially insightful as an art historical treatment, the book is still valuable for its technical detail, but possibly too technical for the novice reader.
  732.  
  733. Find this resource:
  734.  
  735. Carved Objects
  736. Sculpture as a distinct media was not widespread or prolific in Ancient Puebloan culture, with the exception of jewelry and small, hand-sized objects. Dedicated scholarship for this medium is therefore limited, but Jernigan 1978 and Morris 1980 are excellent studies of such objects.
  737.  
  738. Jernigan, E. Wesley. Jewelry of the Prehistoric Southwest. Santa Fe, NM: School of American Research Press, 1978.
  739.  
  740. Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  741.  
  742. Presents a comprehensive analysis of major prehistoric Southwest jewelry traditions, including Anasazi. An extensive catalogue of worked bone, stone, shell, and fiber objects with comparisons to other media such as mural painting and historic Puebloan attire. Amply illustrated, though somewhat dated, it is still a primary resource for jewelry. The primary resource on this topic.
  743.  
  744. Find this resource:
  745.  
  746. Morris, Elizabeth Ann. Basketmaker Caves in the Prayer Rock District, Northeastern Arizona. Anthropological Papers of the University of Arizona 35. Tucson: University of Arizona Press, 1980.
  747.  
  748. Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  749.  
  750. A comprehensive archaeological report on excavations conducted in the Prayer Rock district of northern Arizona in 1931 by Earl Morris, the author’s father. Of particular interest is the first study of a series of rare clay Basketmaker figurines recovered from the site (see also Archaeological Studies: Basketmaker Archaeology [c. 500 BCE–500 CE]).
  751.  
  752. Find this resource:
  753.  
  754. Rock Art
  755. Though technically another type of media, rock art (painted “pictographs” and engraved “petroglyphs”) does not fit conveniently within traditional art historical categories. Since the 1970s, Southwestern rock art scholarship in general has rapidly expanded. For this reason, the references in this section are subdivided according to the most relevant categories and include broad introductory surveys of rock art in the Greater Southwest and across North America. The single most valuable of these overviews is still Schaafsma 1980, whereas Wellmann 1979 provides an excellent pan–North America survey.
  756.  
  757. Cole, Sally J. Legacy on Stone: Rock Art of the Colorado Plateau and Four Corners Region. Boulder, CO: Johnson, 1990.
  758.  
  759. Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  760.  
  761. Revised and expanded in 2009. Cole presents an extensive survey of major rock art styles centered on the Colorado Plateau, encompassing Archaic, Anasazi, Fremont, Navajo, Eastern Shoshoni, and Ute traditions. Emphasis is on style characteristics and motifs, as well as compositional analyses. Excellent source for many relatively obscure or under-published sites.
  762.  
  763. Find this resource:
  764.  
  765. Kelen, Leslie, and David Sucec. Sacred Images: A Vision of Native American Rock Art. Salt Lake City, UT: Gibbs Smith, 1996.
  766.  
  767. Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  768.  
  769. Contains five essays from different authors on iconographic interpretations of major Utah rock art styles, including the Archaic Barrier Canyon, Hisatsenom (Anasazi), Fremont, and Ute styles, with a foreword by N. Scott Momaday, a Native American author of Kiowa ancestry. Outstanding color photographs by several established professional photographers.
  770.  
  771. Find this resource:
  772.  
  773. Malotki, Ekkehart, and Donald E. Weaver Jr. Stone Chisel and Yucca Brush: Colorado Plateau Rock Art. Walnut Creek, CA: Kiva, 2002.
  774.  
  775. Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  776.  
  777. Malotki, a linguist, and Weaver, an archaeologist, propose an alternative categorization of major rock art styles in the Southwest. Their “-iconic” classification system assigns stylistic affiliation and title based on more formal artistic criteria and iconographic readings (i.e., “Paleoiconic and Archeoiconic, “Mesoiconic,” “Neoiconic,” and “Protoiconic and Historioiconic”). Numerous excellent color photographs.
  778.  
  779. Find this resource:
  780.  
  781. Schaafsma, Polly. Indian Rock Art of the Southwest. Santa Fe, NM: School of American Research Press, 1980.
  782.  
  783. Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  784.  
  785. The first major publication to define individual styles in Southwestern rock art. Schaafsma focuses on form and iconography as the key defining aspects of each style. Chapters are organized according to major prehistoric cultures. The style categories are still considered generally accurate by modern scholars. Essential resource for this topic.
  786.  
  787. Find this resource:
  788.  
  789. Slifer, Dennis. Signs of Life: Rock Art of the Upper Rio Grande. Santa Fe, NM: Ancient City, 1998.
  790.  
  791. Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  792.  
  793. An extensive guide to Ancient Puebloan rock art sites concentrated in the Rio Grande River drainage of New Mexico. Site descriptions with discussion on symbolism and content. Though it lacks in-depth critical analysis, it is still a scholarly work on the rock art in this region.
  794.  
  795. Find this resource:
  796.  
  797. Wellmann, Klaus F. A Survey of North American Indian Rock Art. Graz, Austria: Akademische Druck- u. Verlagsanstalt, 1979.
  798.  
  799. Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  800.  
  801. A comprehensive review of major rock art styles across the entire hemisphere. Primarily descriptive text, with some discussion of symbolism and content. The Ancient Puebloan tradition receives minimal and somewhat inaccurate coverage. Over 750 illustrations, with a few in color. Not overly interpretive, but useful for establishing a broad context for Ancient Puebloan imagery.
  802.  
  803. Find this resource:
  804.  
  805. Regional Overviews
  806. The references in this section focus on specific geographic regions, states, or culture areas within the broader Southwestern area, including some dedicated specifically to national parks and monuments.
  807.  
  808. Castleton, Kenneth B. Petroglyphs and Pictographs of Utah. Vol. 1 of The East and Northeast. Salt Lake City: Utah Museum of Natural History, 1984.
  809.  
  810. Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  811.  
  812. A two-volume catalogue of Utah rock art sites, organized by major geographic regions. Cultural affiliations for individual sites (Anasazi, etc.) are provided within individual site descriptions. A significant catalogue when first published, its value has since diminished, but it is still valuable for documentation of many lesser-known sites.
  813.  
  814. Find this resource:
  815.  
  816. Day, Jane S., Paul D. Friedman, and Marcia J. Tate, eds. Rock Art of the Western Canyons: A Joint Publication of the Denver Museum of Natural History and the Colorado Archaeological Society. Denver, CO: Denver Museum of Natural History 1989.
  817.  
  818. Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  819.  
  820. Presents twelve essays by different specialists surveying the major rock art styles of western Colorado. Includes one significant essay on Ancient Puebloan rock art by Sally Cole (Cole 1989, cited under Rock Art: Thematic Studies).
  821.  
  822. Find this resource:
  823.  
  824. Grant, Campbell. Canyon de Chelly: Its People and Rock Art. Tucson: University of Arizona Press, 1978.
  825.  
  826. Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  827.  
  828. Presents the first comprehensive analysis of rock art imagery, both Puebloan and non-Puebloan, from Canyon de Chelly, Arizona. Grant applies a synthesis of archaeological and formal analysis to the imagery, providing early insight into its possible interpretations. Currently still the best single publication for Canyon de Chelly rock art imagery.
  829.  
  830. Find this resource:
  831.  
  832. Olsen, Nancy H. Hovenweep Rock Art: An Anasazi Visual Communication System. Occasional Paper 14. Los Angeles: Institute of Archaeology, University of California, Los Angeles, 1985.
  833.  
  834. Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  835.  
  836. Presents an analysis of rock art imagery associated with Ancient Puebloan sites in the Hovenweep area along the Colorado–Utah border. Includes an extended catalogue of Ancient Puebloan rock art signs and motifs with historic pueblo ethnographic interpretations.
  837.  
  838. Find this resource:
  839.  
  840. Rohn, Arthur H. Rock Art of Bandelier National Monument. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 1989.
  841.  
  842. Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  843.  
  844. Analyzes the rock art of the late prehistoric occupation of the northern Rio Grande area around Bandelier National Monument. Well-illustrated volume, including sculpted natural rock outcrops, such as Stone Lions, and related sites, such as Tsankawi and Painted Cave, in Bandelier National Monument.
  845.  
  846. Find this resource:
  847.  
  848. Schaafsma, Polly. The Rock Art of Utah: A Study from the Donald Scott Collection. Cambridge, MA: Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology, 1971.
  849.  
  850. Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  851.  
  852. Revised and expanded edition published in 1994. An important early survey and catalogue of rock art sites and major styles in Utah, which first defined major rock art styles within the region using formal artistic elements rather than archaeological context. Ancient Puebloan examples are given minimal treatment, but the Virgin Kayenta branch of Anasazi culture is discussed in some depth.
  853.  
  854. Find this resource:
  855.  
  856. Schaafsma, Polly. Rock Art in New Mexico. Santa Fe: Museum of New Mexico, 1975.
  857.  
  858. Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  859.  
  860. Revised edition published in 1992. A comprehensive survey and catalogue of ancient rock sites and styles throughout New Mexico. Organized primarily by major geographic regions. Ancient Puebloan styles from earliest to late prehistoric periods are discussed throughout. Focuses on formal distinctions and iconographic interpretations. Best single source for the study of ancient New Mexico rock art.
  861.  
  862. Find this resource:
  863.  
  864. Turner, Christy G., II. Petrographs of the Glen Canyon Region. Glen Canyon Series 4; Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin 38. Flagstaff: Northern Arizona Society of Science and Art, 1963.
  865.  
  866. Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  867.  
  868. A survey of rock art sites in Glen Canyon prior to the closing of Glen Canyon Dam in 1964. Turner distinguishes five different styles for the region, including three styles associated with the Anasazi tradition. Includes a table of formal elements, with symbolic identifications and frequency of occurrence. (See also Ancient Pueblo (Anasazi) Art: Rock Art: Regional Overviews.)
  869.  
  870. Find this resource:
  871.  
  872. Thematic Studies
  873. References in this section focus on narrowly defined thematic or iconographic topics. These studies are generally much more art historical in their approach and analysis.
  874.  
  875. Cole, Sally J. “Iconography and Symbolism in Basketmaker Rock Art.” In Rock Art of the Western Canyons: A Joint Publication of the Denver Museum of Natural History and the Colorado Archaeological Society. Edited by Jane S. Day, Paul D. Friedman, and Marcia J. Tate, 58–85. Denver, CO: Denver Museum of Natural History, 1989.
  876.  
  877. Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  878.  
  879. Presents an early interpretation of Basketmaker iconography using shamanism and human violence as principal themes. Interprets rock art imagery by comparison to archaeological remains. Black-and-white illustrations.
  880.  
  881. Find this resource:
  882.  
  883. Cole, Sally J. “Basketmaker Rock Art at the Green Mask Site, Southeastern Utah.” In Anasazi Basketmaker: Papers from the 1990 Wetherill-Grand Gulch Symposium. Edited by Victoria M. Atkins, 193–222. Cultural Resource Series No. 24. Salt Lake City: US Department of the Interior, 1993.
  884.  
  885. Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  886.  
  887. Provides description and iconographic interpretation of an extensive rock art site known as Green Mask located in the Grand Gulch primitive area of southeastern Utah. Highly detailed analysis with black-and-white illustrations.
  888.  
  889. Find this resource:
  890.  
  891. Farmer, James D. “Iconographic Evidence of Basketmaker Warfare and Human Sacrifice: A Contextual Approach to Early Anasazi Art.” Kiva: The Journal of Southwestern Anthropology and History 62.4 (1997): 391–420.
  892.  
  893. Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  894.  
  895. Interprets Basketmaker rock art imagery in comparison to archaeological remains. Emphasis is on themes of warfare and human sacrifice, in context with rock art images from other ancient American cultures throughout the hemisphere.
  896.  
  897. Find this resource:
  898.  
  899. Hays-Gilpin, Kelley A. Ambiguous Images: Gender and Rock Art. Walnut Creek, CA: Altamira, 2004.
  900.  
  901. Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  902.  
  903. Employs a thematic approach to global rock art iconography. Imagery from all over the globe is discussed, with a focus on imagery from the western United States. Ancient Puebloan images are cited throughout. A central premise is the “regendering” of ancient rock art sites, the reattribution of rock art site usage, and the change from the traditional male attribution of production to women.
  904.  
  905. Find this resource:
  906.  
  907. Robins, Michael R., and Kelley A. Hays-Gilpin. “The Bird in the Basket: Gender and Social Change in Basketmaker Iconography.” In Foundations of Anasazi Culture: The Basketmaker-Pueblo Transition. Edited by Paul F. Reed, 231–247. Salt Lake City: University of Utah Press, 2000.
  908.  
  909. Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  910.  
  911. Discusses the symbolism of images found on Ancient Puebloan Basketmaker basketry and rock art in relation to cultural evolution in the early Ancient Puebloan world.
  912.  
  913. Find this resource:
  914.  
  915. Schaafsma, Polly. “Form, Content, and Function: Theory and Method in North American Rock Art Studies.” Advances in Archaeological Method and Theory 8 (1985): 237–277.
  916.  
  917. Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  918.  
  919. Offers the first extended comparison and analysis of the differences in theory and methods employed between archaeological and rock art studies. Important work for defining and clarifying specific critical working methods for rock art scholarship.
  920.  
  921. Find this resource:
  922.  
  923. Slifer, Dennis. The Serpent and the Sacred Fire: Fertility Images in Southwest Rock Art. Santa Fe: Museum of New Mexico, 2000.
  924.  
  925. Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  926.  
  927. Uses a thematic approach to rock art imagery of the Southwest, focusing on fertility and shamanistic iconography and symbolism. Extensive and comprehensive catalogue of rock art images, with Ancient Puebloan motifs and styles throughout. Also draws comparisons with an array of other rock art imagery from around the world.
  928.  
  929. Find this resource:
  930.  
  931. Slifer, Dennis, and James Duffield. Kokopelli: Flute Player Images in Rock Art. Santa Fe, NM: Ancient City, 1994.
  932.  
  933. Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  934.  
  935. The authors, geologists by training, present a comprehensive study of the popular and iconic Kokopelli flute player image in various cultures and rock art styles from across the ancient Southwest. Includes discussion of the various interpretations of the figure and its cultural attributions.
  936.  
  937. Find this resource:
  938.  
  939. Young, M. Jane. Signs from the Ancestors: Zuni Cultural Symbolism and Perceptions of Rock Art. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 1988.
  940.  
  941. Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  942.  
  943. Presents an iconographic study of Ancient Puebloan rock art imagery from the Zuni area of eastern New Mexico, with interpretations from contemporary Zuni informants and spiritual leaders.
  944.  
  945. Find this resource:
  946.  
  947. Guide Books
  948. Guide books generally hold little scholarly or research value, but because rock art is usually site-specific, the physical context of rock art imagery often impacts interpretations of a rock art scene’s significance. Rock art guides to the ancient Southwest abound, but the sources referenced in this section are perhaps most useful to art historians.
  949.  
  950. Patterson, Alex. A Field Guide to Rock Art Symbols of the Greater Southwest. Boulder, CO: Johnson, 1992.
  951.  
  952. Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  953.  
  954. Presents descriptions and interpretations of hundreds of rock art motifs or signs, designated as “symbols” by the author. Organized alphabetically (based on the author’s designations), with comparisons to similar forms from other media. Ancient Puebloan motifs appear frequently throughout the work.
  955.  
  956. Find this resource:
  957.  
  958. Slifer, Dennis. Guide to Rock Art of the Utah Region: Sites with Public Access. Santa Fe, NM: Ancient City, 2000.
  959.  
  960. Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  961.  
  962. An extensive catalogue of publicly accessible ancient rock art sites throughout Utah, organized by geographic regions, including many Ancient Puebloan sites in the southern portion of the state. Very little interpretive or critical discussion of function or meaning, but a good source for locating and visiting the listed sites.
  963.  
  964. Find this resource:
  965.  
  966. Archaeoastronomy
  967. A new subdiscipline of Ancient Puebloan studies developed in the 1970s, focusing on astronomical alignments and iconography primarily in architecture and rock art imagery. Sofaer 2008 provides the single best introduction and overview of the subject. Most of the scholarship focuses on Chaco Canyon.
  968.  
  969. Aveni, Anthony F., ed. Native American Astronomy: Papers Presented at a Symposium Held at Colgate Univ., 23–26 September 1975. Austin and London: University of Texas Press, 1977.
  970.  
  971. Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  972.  
  973. Presents fifteen essays from different specialists focusing on astronomical observations and artistic references across the ancient Americas. Chapters 12, 13, and 14 discuss Ancient Puebloan solar observatories and the 1054 Supernova event in rock art from Chaco Canyon and beyond.
  974.  
  975. Find this resource:
  976.  
  977. Carlson, John B., and W. James Judge, eds. Astronomy and Ceremony in the Prehistoric Southwest. Papers of the Maxwell Museum of Anthropology 2. Albuquerque, NM: Maxwell Museum of Anthropology, 1987.
  978.  
  979. Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  980.  
  981. Contains thirteen essays from different specialists focusing on astronomical and archaeoastronomical interpretations of ancient Southwestern art and architecture, particularly rock art and building orientations. Chapters 3 through 8 are devoted specifically to Ancient Puebloan topics, with extended coverage of ethnohistoric sources.
  982.  
  983. Find this resource:
  984.  
  985. Farmer, James D. “Astronomy and Ritual in Chaco Canyon.” In Pueblo Bonito: Center of the Chacoan World. Edited by Jill Neitzel, 61–71. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution, 2003.
  986.  
  987. Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  988.  
  989. Interprets the design and orientation of Pueblo Bonito in relationship to the Fajada Butte Sun Dagger petroglyph. Author suggests that Pueblo Bonito may have been aligned to track visually the sunrise and sunset on the equinoxes to coordinate specific women’s rituals similar to the modern Hopi women’s Lakon ceremony.
  990.  
  991. Find this resource:
  992.  
  993. Malville, J. McKim, and Claudia Putnam. Prehistoric Astronomy in the Southwest. Boulder, CO: Johnson, 1989.
  994.  
  995. Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  996.  
  997. A small book presenting astronomical data on the orientation and possible function of two lesser-known sites in southwestern Colorado: Chimney Rock and Yellowjacket Ruin. Includes a good basic introduction to archaeoastronomy in the Southwest.
  998.  
  999. Find this resource:
  1000.  
  1001. Sofaer, Anna. Chaco Astronomy: An Ancient American Cosmology. Santa Fe, NM: Ocean Tree, 2008.
  1002.  
  1003. Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  1004.  
  1005. Contains nine essays and six appendixes from different specialists on astronomical and archaeoastronomical interpretations of Chaco Canyon art and architecture. Based on results of the Solstice Project, organized by Anna Sofaer in 1978 to document and interpret Chacoan astronomical expressions in art and architecture. The majority of essays are by Sofaer, with others by contributors to the Solstice Project.
  1006.  
  1007. Find this resource:
  1008.  
  1009. Wheaton, Gene. “The Astronomy of Chaco Style Great Kivas.” MA diss., University of Colorado at Boulder, 2006.
  1010.  
  1011. Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  1012.  
  1013. Presents an analysis of solar alignments at the restored Aztec Ruin Great Kiva in northern New Mexico, with some comparison to other Great Kiva architecture. Author suggests a standardized design template, based on solar astronomy, was employed by the Ancient Puebloans for Great Kiva construction.
  1014.  
  1015. Find this resource:
  1016.  
  1017. Williamson, Ray A. Living the Sky: The Cosmos of the American Indian. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1984.
  1018.  
  1019. Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  1020.  
  1021. Presents archaeoastronomical interpretations of art and architecture from numerous major Native American cultures across North America. Ancient Puebloan cultures are discussed in depth in Chapters 4, 5, and 6, focusing on ancient and historic Puebloan sun worship and sun-watching practices as applied to ancient architecture.
  1022.  
  1023. Find this resource:
  1024.  
  1025. Chaco Canyon
  1026. The references in this section are focused on Chaco Canyon. Within the Ancient Puebloan tradition, the “Chaco Phenomenon” is often viewed as the most sophisticated and complex, yet also most enigmatic, phase of the entire tradition. Particularly since the 1970s, an enormous amount of scholarship has focused on Chaco Canyon. Introductory surveys of Chaco Canyon art and architecture are abundant, and most are of generally good quality. Frazier 2005 is perhaps the most readable and comprehensive for a broad overview, though not especially critical in its art interpretations.
  1027.  
  1028. Chaco Research Archive.
  1029.  
  1030. Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  1031.  
  1032. A collaborative online archive and database of the University of Virginia Institute for Advanced Technology in the Humanities and the Department of Anthropology dedicated to providing access to a wealth of information documenting the history of archaeological research in Chaco Canyon, New Mexico. Includes a searchable image database of over 50,000 images relating to Chaco archaeology and art. Primary online source for Chaco imagery.
  1033.  
  1034. Find this resource:
  1035.  
  1036. Evaluating Models of Chaco: A Virtual Conference.
  1037.  
  1038. Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  1039.  
  1040. Conference organized by Stephen H. Lekson, J. McKim Malville, and Dan Yankosky. This website of a University of Colorado online conference of leading experts presented in 1997 focuses on current scholarship and interpretations of Chaco Canyon culture. Primarily anthropological in its orientation, the website does include an extensive bibliography of Chaco resources available in 1997.
  1041.  
  1042. Find this resource:
  1043.  
  1044. Frazier, Kendrick. People of Chaco: A Canyon and Its Culture. Updated and expanded ed. New York: Norton, 2005.
  1045.  
  1046. Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  1047.  
  1048. An excellent general introduction to, and overview of, the Ancient Puebloan culture of Chaco Canyon. Though aimed primarily at a nonacademic audience, the volume nevertheless employs a synthesis of archaeological, art historical, ethnohistorical, and scientific methods in discussing Chaco architecture, material culture, and rock art.
  1049.  
  1050. Find this resource:
  1051.  
  1052. Vivian, R. Gwinn, and Bruce Hilpert. The Chaco Handbook: An Encyclopedic Guide. 2d ed. Salt Lake City: University of Utah Press, 2012.
  1053.  
  1054. Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  1055.  
  1056. Employs an encyclopedic format to present all scholarly data, terminology, names, and other relevant information pertaining to research on Chaco Canyon. Arranged alphabetically, the guide begins with an extended introduction to the history of Chaco Canyon and its archaeology and a discussion of current Ancient Pueblo chronology, culture periods, and styles.
  1057.  
  1058. Find this resource:
  1059.  
  1060. Anthologies
  1061. Numerous anthologies and editions of collected papers have been published on Chaco Canyon. The references in this section are those with content most relevant to art historical interpretations.
  1062.  
  1063. Noble, David Grant, ed. New Light on Chaco Canyon. Santa Fe, NM: School of American Research Press, 1984.
  1064.  
  1065. Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  1066.  
  1067. Contains nine essays from different specialists on various aspects of Chaco Canyon art and architecture, including “Chacoan Art and the Chaco Phenomenon” by J. J. Brody (pp. 13–18), and “Rock Art in Chaco Canyon” by Polly Schaafsma (pp. 59–64). Other essays cover architecture and some ceramics, though none of the essays are particularly in depth.
  1068.  
  1069. Find this resource:
  1070.  
  1071. Noble, David Grant, ed. In Search of Chaco: New Approaches to an Archaeological Enigma. Santa Fe, NM: School of American Research Press, 2004.
  1072.  
  1073. Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  1074.  
  1075. Presents seventeen essays from different specialists on recent and updated interpretations of ancient Chaco Canyon. Primarily archaeological and anthropological discussions, with minimal art historical topics considered. References are made to Chaco ceramics, rock art, and architectural design and orientation in a number of essays.
  1076.  
  1077. Find this resource:
  1078.  
  1079. Architecture
  1080. Scholarship on Chaco Canyon, including most archaeological publications, is dominated by architectural studies. The references in this section range between basic introductory overviews (Lekson 1984) and narrowly focused thematic studies (Farmer 2003).
  1081.  
  1082. Farmer, James D. “Astronomy and Ritual at Chaco Canyon.” In Pueblo Bonito: Center of the Chaco World. Edited by Jill Neitzel, 61–71. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution, 2003.
  1083.  
  1084. Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  1085.  
  1086. Interprets the architectural design and orientation of Pueblo Bonito in relationship to the Chaco Canyon rock art imagery and historically documented Puebloan rituals, specifically historic women’s rituals similar to the modern Hopi women’s Lakon ceremony.
  1087.  
  1088. Find this resource:
  1089.  
  1090. Lekson, Stephen H. Great Pueblo Architecture of Chaco Canyon, New Mexico. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 1984.
  1091.  
  1092. Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  1093.  
  1094. Presents a highly detailed analysis drawn primarily from tree-ring dating of the construction technology, dates, and design of each of the twelve major “Great House” structures within Chaco Canyon. An essential resource for the study of Chaco architecture. Extensively illustrated with black-and-white drawings, plans, diagrams, charts, and photographs throughout.
  1095.  
  1096. Find this resource:
  1097.  
  1098. Lister, Robert H., and Florence C. Lister. Aztec Ruins on the Animas: Excavated, Preserved, and Interpreted. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 1987.
  1099.  
  1100. Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  1101.  
  1102. Presents a history of the excavation and preservation of the Aztec Ruins National Monument in northwestern New Mexico by Earl Morris from 1916 to 1921. Thorough and insightful account of the excavations, including numerous photographs of the architecture prior to restoration. Includes limited discussion of recovered artifacts, primarily pottery, and associated burials.
  1103.  
  1104. Find this resource:
  1105.  
  1106. Morris, Earl H. The House of the Great Kiva at the Aztec Ruin. Anthropological Papers of the American Museum of Natural History 26. Tucson, AZ: Southwest Parks and Monuments, 1996.
  1107.  
  1108. Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  1109.  
  1110. A brief, detailed archaeological description of the original excavation and interpretation of the (now-restored) Great Kiva at the Aztec Ruin National Monument, New Mexico, by the archaeologist who directed the original excavation. Originally published in 1921.
  1111.  
  1112. Find this resource:
  1113.  
  1114. Pepper, George H. Pueblo Bonito. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 1996.
  1115.  
  1116. Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  1117.  
  1118. The extensive final report from the first official excavations conducted at Pueblo Bonito, Chaco Canyon, New Mexico between 1896 and 1899. The author served as field director of the project. Presents highly detailed descriptions of the excavation process, architecture, and hundreds of recovered art works. Originally published in 1920.
  1119.  
  1120. Find this resource:
  1121.  
  1122. Vivian, Gordon, and Paul Reiter. The Great Kivas of Chaco Canyon and Their Relationships. 2d ed. School of American Research Monograph 22. Santa Fe, NM: School of American Research Press, 1965.
  1123.  
  1124. Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  1125.  
  1126. An excellent early study of the Great Kivas of Chaco Canyon, as documented in 1965. Provides in-depth formal descriptions, archaeological history and context, associated artifacts, and construction techniques for each Great Kiva. Still the best source for this approach.
  1127.  
  1128. Find this resource:
  1129.  
  1130. Wheaton, Gene. “The Astronomy of Chaco Style Great Kivas.” MA diss., University of Colorado at Boulder, 2006.
  1131.  
  1132. Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  1133.  
  1134. Presents an analysis of solar alignments at the restored Aztec Ruin Great Kiva in northern New Mexico, with some comparison to other Great Kiva architecture. Author suggests a standardized design template, based on solar astronomy, was employed by the Ancient Puebloans for Great Kiva construction.
  1135.  
  1136. Find this resource:
  1137.  
  1138. Media Studies
  1139. The references in this section focus on specific media and art forms, excluding architecture. The most comprehensive volume is Pepper 1996, but Vivian, et al. 1978 is perhaps the most significant for its analysis of a rare and distinctive group of carved wooden objects.
  1140.  
  1141. Judd, Neil M. The Material Culture of Pueblo Bonito. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 124. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution, 1954.
  1142.  
  1143. Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  1144.  
  1145. An extensive report on archaeological material recovered from excavations conducted by the National Geographic Society from 1921 through 1927 by the author at Pueblo Bonito, Chaco Canyon, New Mexico. Highly detailed descriptions of burials, ceramics, figurines, carved objects, fiber arts, and jewelry, with archaeological context. Excellent resource for research relating to Pueblo Bonito.
  1146.  
  1147. Find this resource:
  1148.  
  1149. Mathien, Frances Joan, ed. Ceramics, Lithics, and Ornaments of Chaco Canyon: Artifacts from the Chaco Project 1971–1978. Publications in Archaeology 18G. Santa Fe, NM: National Park Service, US Department of the Interior, 1997.
  1150.  
  1151. Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  1152.  
  1153. A three-volume analysis of artifacts recovered by the Chaco Project from 1971 to 1978, published as a single edition. Volume 1, Ceramics, is an extensive, highly technical study of Chaco ceramic manufacturing techniques, materials, trade, and exchange implications, with a useful catalogue of associated design motifs. Minimal black-and-white illustrations.
  1154.  
  1155. Find this resource:
  1156.  
  1157. Pepper, George H. Pueblo Bonito. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 1996.
  1158.  
  1159. Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  1160.  
  1161. The extensive final report from the first official excavations conducted at Pueblo Bonito, Chaco Canyon, New Mexico between 1896 and 1899. The author served as field director of the project. Presents highly detailed descriptions of the excavation process, architecture, and hundreds of recovered art works. Originally published in 1920.
  1162.  
  1163. Find this resource:
  1164.  
  1165. Schaafsma, Polly. “Rock Art in Chaco Canyon.” In New Light on Chaco Canyon. Edited by David Grant Noble, 59–64. Santa Fe, NM: School of American Research Press, 1984.
  1166.  
  1167. Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  1168.  
  1169. Provides a brief introduction to the major rock art sites in Chaco Canyon, mostly Anasazi but including some Navajo as well. Primarily descriptive with little iconographic or technical discussion. Black-and-white illustrations. (See also Rock Art: Regional Overviews).
  1170.  
  1171. Find this resource:
  1172.  
  1173. Vivian, R. Gwinn, Dulce N. Dodgen, and Gayle H. Hartmann. Wooden Ritual Artifacts from Chaco Canyon, New Mexico. Anthropological Papers of the University of Arizona 32. Tucson: University of Arizona Press, 1978.
  1174.  
  1175. Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  1176.  
  1177. Report on the recovery of rare Ancient Puebloan wooden artifacts from Chetro Ketl Great House in Chaco Canyon, New Mexico, in 1947. Detailed descriptions, with archaeological and ethnographic comparisons to similar objects from prehistoric and historic contexts. Primary resource for these particular objects. Well illustrated in black-and-white and color illustrations.
  1178.  
  1179. Find this resource:
  1180.  
  1181. Mesoamerica
  1182. An ongoing debate among Ancient Puebloan scholars is the relationship between the Ancient Puebloans, particularly Chaco Canyon, and Mesoamerican cultures to the south. The two references in this section provide a summary discussion and extensive bibliographies for the current status of this debate.
  1183.  
  1184. Crown, Patricia L., and W. Jeffrey Hurst. “Evidence of Cacao Use in the Prehispanic American Southwest.” PNAS 106.7 (2009): 2110–2113.
  1185.  
  1186. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0812817106Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  1187.  
  1188. Presents groundbreaking research on the use of cacao in ancient ceramic vessels from Chaco Canyon. The article significantly revised interpretations of Chaco ceramic vessel function and symbolism and reframed the question of Chaco interaction with Mesoamerica.
  1189.  
  1190. Find this resource:
  1191.  
  1192. Mathien, Frances Joan. “Mesoamerican Themes and Chaco Canyon.” In Evaluating Models of Chaco: A Virtual Conference. University of Colorado, 1997.
  1193.  
  1194. Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  1195.  
  1196. A now-dated, but still valuable summary of the question of Mesoamerican influence in the Southwest, along with an excellent, extended bibliography on this specific topic. Mathien is an anthropologist at the Maxwell Museum of Anthropology. A web-only publication.
  1197.  
  1198. Find this resource:
  1199.  
  1200. Archaeological Studies
  1201. The references in this section are archaeological reports, but they include significant analyses of art works or employs art works as methodological tools for archaeological interpretation. Besides general surveys, the references are grouped into chronologically earlier (Basketmaker Archaeology [c. 500 BCE–500 CE]) and Later Pueblo Archaeology [c. 500 CE–1600 CE]) periods of focus.
  1202.  
  1203. Kidder, Alfred V. An Introduction to the Study of Southwestern Archaeology, with a Preliminary Account of the Excavations at Pecos. New Haven, CT, and London: Yale University Press, 1962.
  1204.  
  1205. Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  1206.  
  1207. Reprint of the original 1924 publication in which Kidder first establishes the basic chronological framework and cultural definitions and names (Anasazi, Mogollon, etc.) still widely used in the early 21st century. Kidder’s method relied heavily on distinctions among ancient pottery and architectural styles and is still generally applied.
  1208.  
  1209. Find this resource:
  1210.  
  1211. Lange, Edward W., and Diana Leonard, eds. Among Ancient Ruins: The Legacy of Earl H. Morris. Boulder, CO: Johnson, 1985.
  1212.  
  1213. Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  1214.  
  1215. Presents a brief review of the career of early Southwestern archaeologist Earl H. Morris, with a photography catalogue. Excellent, rarely seen examples of archival photographs of archaeological work conducted by Morris, including original context of many objects from Ancient Puebloan sites.
  1216.  
  1217. Find this resource:
  1218.  
  1219. Plog, Stephen. Ancient Peoples of the American Southwest. 2d ed. London and New York: Thames & Hudson, 2008.
  1220.  
  1221. Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  1222.  
  1223. Provides a general archaeological overview of the ancient Southwest. The Ancient Puebloan tradition is discussed in conjunction with other contemporary ancient traditions throughout. Chapters organized along major chronological periods rather than by culture. Primarily archaeological interpretation, but some art historical description and interpretation mixed throughout.
  1224.  
  1225. Find this resource:
  1226.  
  1227. Snow, Dean. The Archaeology of North America: American Indians and Their Origins. London: Thames and Hudson, 1976.
  1228.  
  1229. Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  1230.  
  1231. Primarily an anthropological summary of major ancient Native American cultures of North America, organized by geographic regions. The unnumbered chapter entitled “The Desert West” includes extended archaeological discussion and analysis of Anasazi objects (pp. 130–152), including architecture, ceramics, fiber arts, and rock art. Though now somewhat outdated, still a good source for cross-cultural comparisons to other non-Puebloan works north of Mexico.
  1232.  
  1233. Find this resource:
  1234.  
  1235. Willey, Gordon R. An Introduction to American Archaeology. Vol. 1 of North and Middle America. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall, 1966.
  1236.  
  1237. Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  1238.  
  1239. A large volume devoted to a summary of North American archaeology, including Mesoamerica. The “Anasazi” tradition comprises some twenty-one pages of text and black-and-white illustrations (pp. 199–220). Discussion covers all major art forms (ceramics, architecture, fiber arts, and sculpture), but no rock art or mural painting. Still useful, though somewhat outdated.
  1240.  
  1241. Find this resource:
  1242.  
  1243. Basketmaker Archaeology (c. 500 BCE–500 CE)
  1244. References in this section focus on archaeological reports for specific regions or sites associated with the earliest periods of the Ancient Puebloan tradition. Reports include substantial descriptions or analyses of the earliest Ancient Puebloan art forms, including fiber arts and rock art. (See also Media Studies: Textiles and Fiber Arts and Rock Art: Regional Overviews).
  1245.  
  1246. Amsden, Charles Avery. Prehistoric Southwesterners from Basketmaker to Pueblo. Los Angeles: Southwest Museum, 1949.
  1247.  
  1248. Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  1249.  
  1250. Focuses primarily on the early Basketmaker phase of the entire Ancient Puebloan tradition. Amsden was a banker and avocational Southwestern archaeologist. Nevertheless, the volume is still one of the better single sources on early Basketmaker art, with detailed descriptions of burials, ceramics, architecture, fiber arts, figurines, and jewelry.
  1251.  
  1252. Find this resource:
  1253.  
  1254. Guernsey, Samuel J., and A. V. Kidder. Basket-Maker Caves of Northeastern Arizona: Report on the Explorations, 1916–17. Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology, Harvard University, 8, 2. Cambridge, MA: Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology, Harvard University, 1921.
  1255.  
  1256. Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  1257.  
  1258. An early archaeological report presenting highly detailed descriptions of hundreds of Basketmaker objects and their recovery from several caves in the Kayenta region of northern Arizona. Abundant black-and-white illustrations, photographs, maps, and plans, with a small number of colored plates. Primary resource for many current Basketmaker objects, specifically sculpture and fiber arts.
  1259.  
  1260. Find this resource:
  1261.  
  1262. Kidder, A. V., and S. J. Guernsey. Archaeological Explorations in Northeastern Arizona. Bureau of American Ethnology Bulletin 65. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution, 1919.
  1263.  
  1264. Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  1265.  
  1266. The first of three archaeological reports by Kidder and Guernsey on early explorations in northeastern Arizona sponsored by the Smithsonian Museum (see also Guernsey 1931, cited under Later Pueblo Archaeology [c. 500 BCE–1600 CE]). Detailed descriptions of hundreds of ancient Basketmaker and later Puebloan objects recovered from the region. Primary resource for many Basketmaker objects, specifically carved and fiber arts.
  1267.  
  1268. Find this resource:
  1269.  
  1270. Morris, Earl H. “Exploring in the Canyon of Death.” National Geographic Magazine 48.3 (1925): 263–300.
  1271.  
  1272. Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  1273.  
  1274. The earliest widely published archaeological report on excavations conducted in Canyon de Chelly, Arizona. Includes significant early Basketmaker remains from several sites and burials.
  1275.  
  1276. Find this resource:
  1277.  
  1278. Morris, Elizabeth Ann. Basketmaker Caves in the Prayer Rock District, Northeastern Arizona. Anthropological Papers of the University of Arizona 35. Tucson: University of Arizona Press, 1980.
  1279.  
  1280. Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  1281.  
  1282. An archaeological report on objects documented and recovered from excavations conducted in the Prayer Rock district of northern Arizona in 1931 by Earl Morris, the author’s father. Analysis covers Basketmaker architecture, rock art, ceramics, substantial quantity of woven objects, and rare clay Basketmaker figurines (see also Media Studies: Carved Objects).
  1283.  
  1284. Find this resource:
  1285.  
  1286. Pepper, George H. The Ancient Basket Makers of Southeastern Utah: A Guide Leaflet Descriptive of an Exhibit in the Journal of the American Museum of Natural History.”American Museum Journal 2, 4. New York: American Museum of Natural History, 1902.
  1287.  
  1288. DOI: 10.5962/bhl.title.21586Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  1289.  
  1290. The earliest publication describing Basketmaker objects in the collection of the American Museum of Natural History recovered from early explorations and excavations in Grand Gulch, Utah, by Richard Wetherill and associates in the 1890s. Primarily descriptive in nature, with little interpretive analysis.
  1291.  
  1292. Find this resource:
  1293.  
  1294. Later Pueblo Archaeology (c. 500 BCE–1600 CE)
  1295. References in this section focus on archaeological reports for specific regions, sites, or culture periods (Mesa Verde, Chaco, or Pueblo IV), which include substantial descriptions or analyses of art and architecture.
  1296.  
  1297. Guernsey, Samuel J. Explorations in Northeastern Arizona: Report on the Archaeological Fieldwork of 1920–1923. Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology, Harvard University, 12, 1. Cambridge, MA: Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology, Harvard University, 1931.
  1298.  
  1299. Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  1300.  
  1301. An early archaeological report presenting highly detailed descriptions of Ancient Puebloan cliff dwellings and associated artifacts and rock art from the Kayenta region of northern Arizona. Abundant black-and-white illustrations, photographs, maps, and plans, with a small number of colored plates. Follow-up report to Guernsey and Kidder 1921 (cited under Basketmaker Archaeology [c. 500 BCE–500 CE]).
  1302.  
  1303. Find this resource:
  1304.  
  1305. Haury, Emil W. Painted Cave, Northeastern Arizona. Dragoon, AZ: Amerind Foundation, 1945.
  1306.  
  1307. Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  1308.  
  1309. An archaeological report on excavations at Painted Cave in northern Arizona. Presents first documentation of site artifacts including ceramics, textiles, and basketry, and numerous images of a significant rock art site.
  1310.  
  1311. Find this resource:
  1312.  
  1313. Hayes, Alden C., and James A. Lancaster. Badger House Community, Mesa Verde National Park. Archaeological series 7-E, Wetherill Mesa Studies. Washington, DC: US Department of the Interior, 1975.
  1314.  
  1315. Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  1316.  
  1317. An archaeological report of excavations conducted at a mesa top site (not cliff dwelling) in Mesa Verde National Park. Well-illustrated volume with extensive description and discussion of Pueblo III Mesa Verde architecture and ceramics.
  1318.  
  1319. Find this resource:
  1320.  
  1321. Judd, Neil M. “Everyday Life in Pueblo Bonito.” National Geographic Magazine 48.3 (1925): 227–262.
  1322.  
  1323. Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  1324.  
  1325. Presents an analysis of archaeological material and architectural remains from excavations conducted at Pueblo Bonito in Chaco Canyon by the National Geographic Society in the 1920s. Earliest illustrations of numerous important Puebloan artifacts and comparisons to later historic Puebloan lifeways.
  1326.  
  1327. Find this resource:
  1328.  
  1329. Lange, Frederick, Nancy Mahaney, Joe Ben Wheat, and Mark L. Chenault. Yellow Jacket: A Four Corners Anasazi Ceremonial Center. Boulder, CO: Johnson, 1986.
  1330.  
  1331. Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  1332.  
  1333. A brief archaeological study of a large Ancient Puebloan site north of Cortez, Colorado. Focuses primarily on architectural design, with numerous plans and maps. Includes a brief discussion of associated objects recovered during early excavations, primarily pottery and worked stone “pendants.”
  1334.  
  1335. Find this resource:
  1336.  
  1337. Lister, Florence C. In the Shadow of the Rocks: Archaeology of the Chimney Rock District in Southern Colorado. Durango, CO: Herald, 1997.
  1338.  
  1339. Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  1340.  
  1341. A short monograph on the archaeology of Chimney Rock, a small Ancient Pueblo III site in southwestern Colorado. Primary focus is on architectural design, engineering, and location, with some references to rock art and ceramics.
  1342.  
  1343. Find this resource:
  1344.  
  1345. National Museum of the American Indian: Collections Search.
  1346.  
  1347. Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  1348.  
  1349. This Smithsonian Institution website provides an online catalogue of objects held in the collection of the Smithsonian National Museum of the American Indian, formerly the Heye Foundation of New York. Not an extensive collection of Ancient Puebloan materials, but good digital images on a searchable site.
  1350.  
  1351. Find this resource:
  1352.  
  1353. Nordenskiöld, Gustaf. The Cliff Dwellers of the Mesa Verde, Southwestern Colorado: Their Pottery and Implements. Mesa Verde National Park, CO: Mesa Verde Museum Association, 1990.
  1354.  
  1355. Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  1356.  
  1357. Presents the earliest comprehensive report on the major Mesa Verde cliff dwellings and associated artifacts, as photographed and collected by Nordenskiöld, a Swedish nobleman, in 1891. Collection now housed in the National Museum of Finland. Includes earliest photographs of Mesa Verde cliff dwellings prior to archaeological restoration. Originally published in 1893.
  1358.  
  1359. Find this resource:
  1360.  
  1361. Powell, Shirley, and George J. Gumerman. People of the Mesa: The Archaeology of Black Mesa, Arizona. Tucson: Southwest Parks and Monuments Association, 1987.
  1362.  
  1363. Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  1364.  
  1365. A comprehensive archaeological report on excavations conducted on Black Mesa, Arizona, between 1967 and 1983 by the Peabody Coal Company. The Black Mesa region was the source of coal used to fire the distinctive polychrome ceramics of the late prehistoric period, such as Sikyatki Polychrome.
  1366.  
  1367. Find this resource:
  1368.  
  1369. Smith, Watson, Richard B. Woodbury, and Nathalie F. S. Woodbury. The Excavation of Hawikuh by Frederick Webb Hodge: Report of the Hendricks-Hodge Expedition, 1917–1923. New York: Museum of the American Indian, Heye Foundation, 1966.
  1370.  
  1371. Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  1372.  
  1373. An extensive archaeological report on the excavation of an Ancient Puebloan site on the Zuni reservation. Though predominantly archaeological in focus, it does provide in-depth description and discussion of the recovered ceramic vessels, including consideration of features of style, with an extensive catalogue of excellent drawings of complete vessels.
  1374.  
  1375. Find this resource:
  1376.  
  1377. The Mimbres
  1378. Though not technically considered part of the Ancient Puebloan tradition, the Mimbres were contemporaries of Chaco Canyon, and their pottery has generated substantial scholarship regarding its style and relationship to Ancient Puebloan pottery. The publications of J. J. Brody constitute some of the best art historical scholarship on any aspect of Ancient Puebloan art.
  1379.  
  1380. Archaeology
  1381. The references in this section present important and relevant Mimbres archaeological scholarship that specifically includes extensive analysis of Mimbres bowls. These works are important for interpreting original provenance and symbolic function of the bowls.
  1382.  
  1383. Anyon, Roger, and Steven A. LeBlanc. The Galaz Ruin: A Prehistoric Mimbres Village in Southwestern New Mexico. Albuquerque, NM: Maxwell Museum of Anthropology, 1984.
  1384.  
  1385. Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  1386.  
  1387. An extensive archaeology report of three different excavations conducted at the Galaz Ruin, a Mimbres site in southern New Mexico. Includes an extended analysis and comprehensive documentation of the many Mimbres ceramic bowls recovered from Galaz. Well illustrated, with over 750 black-and-white photographs of individual Mimbres bowls.
  1388.  
  1389. Find this resource:
  1390.  
  1391. Cosgrove, Harriet S., and C. Burton Cosgrove. The Swarts Ruin: A Typical Mimbres Site in Southwestern New Mexico. New introduction by Steven A. LeBlanc. Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 15. Cambridge, MA: Peabody Museum, 2011.
  1392.  
  1393. Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  1394.  
  1395. A republication of the first extensive archaeological report on the excavation in 1932 of a major Mimbres site, the Swarts Ruin in New Mexico. Includes descriptions and excellent drawings of over 200 Mimbres painted bowls, now housed at the Peabody Museum at Harvard University (LeBlanc 2005, cited under the Mimbres: Art History). Primary resource for Mimbres bowls. Originally published in 1932.
  1396.  
  1397. Find this resource:
  1398.  
  1399. Fewkes, J. Walter. The Mimbres: Art and Archaeology. Albuquerque, NM: Avanyu, 1989.
  1400.  
  1401. Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  1402.  
  1403. A reprint of three essays by Fewkes originally published separately as Archeology of the Lower Mimbres Valley, New Mexico, Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 63/10, 1914; Designs on Prehistoric Pottery from the Mimbres Valley, New Mexico, Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 74/6, 1923; and Additional Designs on Prehistoric Mimbres Pottery, Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 76/8, 1924, all by Smithsonian Institution, Washington DC. Earliest widespread publications of Mimbres bowl images, based on collections accumulated by Fewkes in the early 20th century. Extensive black-and-white photographs and drawings, with detailed formal descriptions.
  1404.  
  1405. Find this resource:
  1406.  
  1407. LeBlanc, Steven A. The Mimbres People: Ancient Pueblo Painters of the American Southwest. New Aspects of Antiquity series. New York and London: Thames & Hudson, 1983.
  1408.  
  1409. Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  1410.  
  1411. An introductory overview of ancient Mimbres culture, with emphasis on Mimbres pottery styles and subject matter. A volume in the New Aspects of Antiquity series of books focusing on different ancient cultures worldwide published by Thames & Hudson.
  1412.  
  1413. Find this resource:
  1414.  
  1415. Nelson, Margaret C., and Michelle Hegmon, eds. Mimbres Lives and Landscapes. Santa Fe, NM: School for Advanced Research, 2010.
  1416.  
  1417. Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  1418.  
  1419. Contains fourteen essays from different specialists presenting updated interpretations of the Mimbres culture. Several essays focus on recent interpretations of imagery in painted Mimbres bowls and the insights these provide into other archaeological interpretations.
  1420.  
  1421. Find this resource:
  1422.  
  1423. Nesbitt, Paul H. The Ancient Mimbreños: Based on Investigations at the Mattocks Ruin, Mimbres Valley, New Mexico. Logan Museum Bulletin 4. Beloit, WI: Logan Museum, Beloit College, 1931.
  1424.  
  1425. Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  1426.  
  1427. An early report on one of the earliest formally organized archaeological excavations of a Mimbres site. Numerous images of Mimbres bowls.
  1428.  
  1429. Find this resource:
  1430.  
  1431. Peabody Museum Collections Online.
  1432.  
  1433. Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  1434.  
  1435. This website of the Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology, Harvard University, provides a searchable online catalogue of objects held in the collection of the Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology at Harvard University. Limited Puebloan material, but an extensive collection of Mimbres pottery (LeBlanc 2005, cited under the Mimbres: Art History).
  1436.  
  1437. Find this resource:
  1438.  
  1439. Shafer, Harry. Mimbres Archaeology at the NAN Ranch Ruin. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 2003.
  1440.  
  1441. Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  1442.  
  1443. Presents a comprehensive archaeology report on the author’s extended excavation of a major Mimbres site. Primarily an anthropological study, but well-illustrated appendix of many Mimbres bowls.
  1444.  
  1445. Find this resource:
  1446.  
  1447. Art History
  1448. The references in this section present important art historical scholarship in Mimbres bowls, distinct from typical archaeological reports. These works constitute some of the best art historical scholarship on any aspect of Ancient Puebloan art. The Mimbres Pottery Images Digital Database is one of the most important recent Mimbres research tools to come from the digital age.
  1449.  
  1450. Brody, J. J. Mimbres Painted Pottery. Santa Fe, NM: School of American Research Press, 1977.
  1451.  
  1452. Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  1453.  
  1454. The first extended study of Mimbres pottery by an art historian, based on a collection of Mimbres bowls excavated from the Swarts Ruin in New Mexico (see also Cosgrove and Cosgrove 2011, cited under Archaeology). General introduction and overview of ancient Mimbres culture and detailed formal and iconographic analysis of dozens of Mimbres bowls.
  1455.  
  1456. Find this resource:
  1457.  
  1458. Brody, J. J., Catherine J. Scott, and Steven A. LeBlanc. Mimbres Pottery: Ancient Art of the American Southwest. Introduction by Tony Berlant. New York: Hudson Hills, 1983.
  1459.  
  1460. Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  1461.  
  1462. The catalogue accompanying the first-ever exhibition devoted exclusively to Mimbres art organized by the Maxwell Museum of Anthropology. Contains essays by four different Pueblo scholars on Mimbres imagery. An important volume for its strictly art historical treatment of the subject. Excellent black-and-white and color photographs throughout.
  1463.  
  1464. Find this resource:
  1465.  
  1466. Carr, Pat. Mimbres Mythology. Southwestern Studies Monograph 56. El Paso: Texas Western Press, University of Texas at El Paso, 1979.
  1467.  
  1468. Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  1469.  
  1470. A short iconographic study of Mimbres bowl images. The author utilizes modern Puebloan myths and legends to interpret numerous Mimbres scenes. Twenty-nine black-and-white hand-drawn illustrations of Mimbres bowls by the author.
  1471.  
  1472. Find this resource:
  1473.  
  1474. Digital Antiquity. Mimbres Pottery Images Digital Database (MimPIDD). Digital Archaeological Record (tDAR).
  1475.  
  1476. Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  1477.  
  1478. The Digital Archaeological Record (tDAR) is a collaborative website dedicated to maintaining a digital repository of publicly accessible archaeological data. The Mimbres Pottery Images Digital Database consists of over 9,000 thumbnail images of Mimbres bowls, the largest such dedicated database in the country. Searchable through an extensive list of geometric and figurative motifs.
  1479.  
  1480. Find this resource:
  1481.  
  1482. Kabotie, Fred. Designs from the Ancient Mimbreños: With a Hopi Interpretation. Flagstaff, AZ: Northland, 1982.
  1483.  
  1484. Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  1485.  
  1486. Offers iconographic interpretations of Mimbres bowl images based on Hopi myths and legends by Hopi artist Fred Kabotie. Illustrated with Kabotie’s black-and-white illustrations of Mimbres bowl imagery.
  1487.  
  1488. Find this resource:
  1489.  
  1490. LeBlanc, Steven A. Painted by a Distant Hand: Mimbres Pottery from the American Southwest. Peabody Museum Collections. Cambridge, MA: Peabody Museum, 2005.
  1491.  
  1492. Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  1493.  
  1494. An updated art historical analysis of the collection of Mimbres bowls in the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology, Harvard University, from the Swarts Ruin in New Mexico (see also Cosgrove and Cosgrove 2011, cited under Archaeology). Brief, well-illustrated volume with many bowls published for the first time.
  1495.  
  1496. Find this resource:
  1497.  
  1498. Moulard, Barbara L. Within the Underworld Sky: Mimbres Ceramic Art in Context. Pasadena, CA: Twelvetrees, 1984.
  1499.  
  1500. Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  1501.  
  1502. Presents an iconographic interpretation of the Mimbres bowls themselves as well as the painted images. Mimbres bowls are considered in context with other non-Mimbres pottery examples from around the Southwest. Barbara Moulard is a professor of art history. Excellent large-scale, full-page, black-and-white photographs.
  1503.  
  1504. Find this resource:
  1505.  
  1506. Thompson, Marc. “The Evolution and Dissemination of Mimbres Iconography.” In Kachinas in the Pueblo World. Edited by Polly Schaafsma, 93–105. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 1994.
  1507.  
  1508. Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  1509.  
  1510. Presents an iconographic interpretation of Mimbres bowl images in relation to Mesoamerican and Maya myths, imagery, and iconography.
Advertisement
Add Comment
Please, Sign In to add comment
Advertisement
Public Pastes
Advertisement
We use cookies for various purposes including analytics. By continuing to use Pastebin, you agree to our use of cookies as described in the Cookies Policy.  OK, I Understand
Not a member of Pastebin yet?
Sign Up, it unlocks many cool features!