Structure 2013-08-29 Present Unreal Conditionals

p. 371
A
1 a
2 b
3 c
4 a
5 c
6 b
throne: the chair for a king or queen
ruler of a city = mayor
ruler of a county = count
(ruler of a duchy = duke)
ruler of a kingdom = king
ruler of an empire = emperor
rough water: a lot of waves and wind
("smooth" is the opposite of rough)
B
1 F - pigpen
2 T - "If you knew, you wouldn't kill me."
3 T
4 F
5 T - "If I were you, I wouldn't ask."
6 F - pigpen
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Present and Future Unreal Conditionals (Unit 23)
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If you knew my identity, you wouldn't kill me.
= You don't know this, and you will kill me.

                               could
If+[past without "was"], subj.+would+base form
                               might
If   I were the emperor,   I   would  be happy.
= I am not really the emperor, so I'm not happy.

If it snowed tomorrow, I would be very surprised.
= I think it won't snow, and I won't be surprised.

If it snowed tomorrow, I could go skiing.
= It would be possible to go skiing, but I'm not sure if I would do it.

If I were rich, I might buy a car, or I might pay someone else to drive me around.
= Maybe I would buy a car, or maybe I'd pay a driver instead.

I might buy a car. = Perhaps I would buy a car.
I could buy a car. = I would be able to buy a car.


Real / Unreal
 can / could
will / would
 may / might

Real:
If I win the lottery, I will buy a car.
= I bought a ticket, so it's possible I will win.

Unreal:
If I won the lottery, I would buy a car.
= I don't have a ticket, so it's not possible.

What would you do with a million dollars?
(It's not necessary to say "if". We know this is unreal because I said "would".)
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Even if: means the result is surprising

Even if I had a million dollars, I wouldn't buy a car.
= I don't really want a car, and being rich won't change that.

I wouldn't marry you even if you were the last person on Earth.
= There are *no* situations where I'd marry you.
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(We don't use "unless" for unreal conditionals.)
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Wishes

  wish + [past without "was"]
I wish it were warm outside.
= It isn't warm, but I want it to be warm.

I wish I were going to take a vacation next week.
= I am not going to take a vacation, but I want to.

I wish I could read Arabic.
= I can't read Arabic, but I want to.

I wish it would stop raining.
= It won't stop raining (soon), but I want it to.
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p. 374 Exercise 1

   a  b
1  F  F (I don't have time, I won't read.)
2  T  F (It is cold, so I won't go fishing.)
3  F  F (I won't catch one, so I won't make wishes.)
4  F  T (I don't have wishes, I won't get a palace.)
5  T  T (It's not too small, so I'm not looking.)
6  F  T (I don't have a raise, but I want a car.)
7  F  F (I earn enough, so I'm not training.)
8  T  T - polite way to give advice
9  F  T (I am not a princess, but I want to be.)
10 T  T (I don't live in a big house, but I want to.)
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p. 376 Exercise 3

1. If I weren't so busy, I would read bedtime stories to my little girl.
2. My husband would ask for a raise if he were ambitious.
= If my husband were ambitious, he would ask for a raise.
3. I would play sports if I were in shape.
4. If I had enough time, I would study for the exam.
 (..., I would be planning to study for the exam.)
5. If I weren't too old, I would go back to school.
   If I were young, I would be going back to school.
6. If my boss explained things properly, I could do my job.
7. If I were good at math, I would balance my checkbook.
8. I could stop smoking if I didn't feel nervous all the time.
9. If I weren't so tired, I would get up early.
                        , I wouldn't get up so late.

               --->
I'm out of shape, so I don't play sports.
I'm out of shape. That's why I don't play sports.
If I weren't out of shape, I would play sports.

               <---
I'm out of shape because I don't play sports.
I'm out of shape. The reason is I don't play sports.
I wouldn't be out of shape if I played sports.
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Homework: 384-386 Reading and questions for Unit 24