/*
STRING MANIPULATION
The indexOf() method returns the index of (the position of) the first occurrence of a specified text in a string.
Search() works the same way:
*/

var str = 'Find where the string starts';
var res = str.indexOf('s');
console.log(res); // prints 15, it means first 's' is at 15th character

/*
The lastIndexOf() method returns the index of the last occurrence of a specified text in a string:
*/

var str = 'Find where the string starts';
var res = str.lastIndexOf('s');
console.log(res); // prints 27, we have a lot of 's' in a string but it returned the last one

/*
If wanted index is not found on both ways, it will be returned -1.
Slice() method extracts a part of a string and returns the extracted part in a new string.
The method takes 2 parameters: the starting index (position), and the ending index (position).
Substr() works similarly except it cannot take negative numbers.
*/

var str = 'Find where the string starts';
var res = str.slice(0, 4);
console.log(res); // prints 'Find' because I just took out a string between 0 and 4 indeces

/*
Substr() is similar to slice().
The difference is that the second parameter specifies the length of the extracted part.
*/

var str = 'Find where the string starts';
var res = str.slice(0, 10);
console.log(res); // prints 'Find where'

/*
The replace() method replaces a specified value with another value in a string.
This method can also take a regular expression as the search value.
By default, the replace() function replaces only the first match.
To replace all matches, use a regular expression with a g flag (for global match)
*/

var str = 'Find where the string starts';
var res = str.replace('Find', 'Stop'); // replace 'Find' with 'Stop'
console.log(res); // prints 'Stop where the string starts'

var str = 'Find the string and replace the string';
var res = str.replace(/string/g, 'candy'); // using g flag
console.log(res); // prints 'Find the candy and replace the candy'

/*
We can convert to lower case or upper case using these methods: toLowerCase() and toUpperCase.
*/

var str = 'Find Where The String Starts';
var res = str.toLowerCase();
console.log(res); // prints 'find where the string starts'

var str = 'find where the string starts';
var res = str.toUpperCase();
console.log(res); // prints 'FIND WHERE THE STRING STARTS'

//Concat() joins two or more strings:

var str = 'Bye';
var str2 = 'Bye!';
var res = str.concat(" ", str2);
console.log(res); // prints 'Bye Bye!'

/*
CharAt() method returns the character at a specified index (position) in a string.
CharCodeAt() method returns the unicode of the character at a specified index in a string.
*/

var str = 'String';
var res = str.charAt(0); // asking for the first character
console.log(res); // prints the first character 'S'