/k/ PREPPING PASTEBIN

This pastebin is set up for /k/ to take care of the frequently heard questions or often given advise to people who are new to prepping. Curated by DutchPastebinPrepper !!2AfqCOaIMNb

CONTENT:

1. 	Standard Operating Procedure during a disaster or calamity
2.	Threat Analysis
3.	PDCA Cycle
4. 	Vital Infrastructures
5. 	Prepping Priorities
6. 	Food Storage
7.	Medication & Medical gear
	-OTC Medication
	-Medical gear
	-Trauma care items
8. 	Communication Gear
	-Introduction to Communications Equipment
	-Portable Antennas
	-Programming your Two-way Radio
	-"Privacy Codes" or CTCSS/DCS
9.	Information & Links

=== /k/ PREPPING PASTEBIN ===
This Standard Operating Procedure is a checklist to go through when it's time to Bug-in. You can make 'escalation events' at what point you feel it's time to start the SOP. For instance, it can be when a large outage lasts more than 6 hours. Or directly when it's a man-made intentional disruption, or you don't know what caused it and cellular service and emergency broadcast frequencies are down. Regular disruptions like power outages due to digging or downed power lines or maintenance don't ever trigger the SOP, they come with a small Area-of-Effect and you can often easily move out of the Area of Effect since they usually only cover a few streets or a couple blocks at the most. They don't cause cellular service to go down either, and they don't last long. Check out below for more on how to make a good disaster response & recover plan for your own surroundings.

===Standard Operating Procedure===
0. If possible, make a shopping run to get some more supplies, if you feel you need them. Gas up your vehicles before lines start to build up at the gas station. Make use of that bank or credit card until the electronic financial system goes down. Save cash for last.
1. Shut all doors, windows, blinds, shutters on the outside and inside the house (keep warmth and any lights inside and less attention = better)
2. Fill all containers and bottles with water, either for drinking or sanitation, like flushing the toilet. You don't know how long it's going to last, yet. Better make use of the water grid for as long as it is available.
3. When using candles, keep a bucket of water or sand nearby, you don't want to burn down your house when the Fire Dept. is unavailable.
4. Monitor the local appointed emergency broadcast stations, ham radio bands and Red Cross frequencies for useful information. Keep in mind the available batteries, their batterylife, your ability to recharge them and the expectation you have of the duration of the incident. Don't spend all day going through your batteries on the first day if you suspect it might last a few days.
5. Keep your family members near, so they don't go off doing stupid stuff. Keep your trauma kit (CAT TQ, CombatGauze, Israeli bandages) even closer.
6. When your home gets damaged
-Get everyone out/to a safe place
-Shut off gas, water and electricity
-Only call 911 in life-threatening emergencies you can't get yourself or others out of
-Call the county or city for sewage, branches or other nuisances.

==Threat analysis==
Use the PDCA cycle to make a realistic disaster plan based on the threats you are facing. You want to take into account the particularities of where you live, like population size and make-up, the natural environment and possible natural disasters, the effectiveness of your municipality disaster recovery. Take note of heavy chemical industries and nuclear power plants.
►What is the most likely incident to happen?
►At what point does this become a threat to me or my family?
►what else could happen (or stop working) because of this threat?
►What is the next most likely thing to happen or what threats come from my surroundings or neighborhood?

==PDCA Cycle==
►Plan the important events and their impacts
►Do/acquire the means to protect yourself or take care of yourself & your family
►Check if the things you bought/acquired actually help, practice your plans
►Act to adjust your plan or measures based on the evaluation
‼ Repeat on at least a yearly basis, eventually increasing & diversifying your preps

==Vital Infrastuctures==
The most likely effect any crisis or calamity will cause is the disruption of vital infrastructure. This means loss of:
(Appearing in order of likelihood)
•Electricity
•Internet
•Telecommunications in general
•The Financial system (technical problem, unavailability or financial causes)
•Drinking water
•Fuel availability
•Emergency Services
•Food availability
•Social order
‼ Loss of one vital infrastructure will eventually lead to the loss of other infrastructures.

==Prioritization of acquiring preps==
1.	Food/water for as long as you want to prepare (start with 7 days)
2.	Ways to prepare this food, take in account the water needed for preparation
3.	Medical gear with some trauma field care capability, see TCCC Guidelines
4.	Sanitation(unpurified water is great for flushing the toilet, but you might want other ways to dispose of human waste)
5.	Protection(Ways to protect yourself against environmental threats like respirators against asbestos and guns against dangerous individuals)
6.	Information (battery powered radio's, make a list of important information like emergency broadcast frequencies)
7.	A couple quality LED Flashlights that run on both 18650 lithium and 2x CR123 lithium, candles and stuff like that
8.	Energy (Powerbanks, regular AA batteries for the radio, lithium CR123's, ways to recharge powerbanks and 18650 batteries with solar)
• Anything else is either comfort or extending your ability to survive

==Food Storage & Preparation==
To be expanded. A good guideline is at least 1,5 liter drinking water & 1500 kcal at least per day per person.
Dry foods such as beans, rice, pasta, lentils and other foods are kept best in mylar bags with oxygen absorbers and desiccants, which you can do yourself.
Sams' Club and Costco carry many large canned types of foods, which are a great and very easy way to stock up on meats, fruits and vegetables that aren't freeze-dried. These 'wet' foods are great staple to have in your food storage along with preserved bags of dry rice and beans. Variation is key to keep food boredom at bay.

==Medical Gear and Medication==
This section covers important medications you should have on hand, and some pointers that should get you on the right way when it comes to treating severe trauma that could cause a quick but preventable death. As stated in the prioritization above, medication and medical gear are one of the first things to focus on after building your food supply.

-OTC Medication (Always buy generic, except for Advil or other fast-acting formulas)
1. Aspirin (Pain relief, fever reduction, anti-inflammatory, blood thinner)
2. Ibuprofen (Pain relief, anti-inflammatory, headaches)
3. NSAIDs/Diclofenac (Pain relief, Anti-inflammatory)
4. Acetaminophen & Naproxen (Pain relief, fever reduction)
5. Antibiotic pills (OTC or fish MOX, depends on laws & regulation)
6. Antibiotic ointments (Neosporin etc.)
4. OTC Diarrhea medicine (Imodium)
5. Drowsy and non-drowsy anti-histamines (Claritin, Benadryl)
6. Hydrocortisone cream
7. Activated Charcoal against ingested toxic substances
8. ORS rehydration powder/Gatorade powder

-Medical items
1. Plenty of gauze, wraps, bandages to treat everyday cuts and scrapes
2. Nitrile gloves, EMT scissors
3. Betadine solution
4. Rubbing alcohol
4. Chlorhexidine (0.03-0.08% solution for oral hygiene, 0.2-0.4% for human skin disinfection)

-Trauma care items
1. Genuine CAT Tourniquet or SOF-T Wide (RATS TQ is shit)
2. CombatGauze
3. Israeli emergency bandages
These items are useless if you have never spent any time familiarizing yourself with them. As soon as someone becomes hurt to the point they need these items (gun shot, severe bleeding) you don't have the time to read or look up how to use these. Anyone can save a life using a tourniquet after learning once how to use them, which is very easy.
Applying emergency bandages and wound-packing a blood squirting hole might be something you'd want to receive real-world training in. Even if you don't have the money or time to spare for these trainings, carrying these items, practicing at home and learning by watching videos (Skinnymedic has great content), you'll be better prepared than most people around you.
Skinnymedic videos:
Israeli Bandages 		https://youtu.be/GTtfEgAt6KY
How to apply a TQ		https://youtu.be/oa6R-wLbaW4
How to use your IFAK	https://youtu.be/w6pQV-CE4Fw

-FAKE TOURNIQUETS and the RATS
NEVER buy fake tourniquets. They are unsafe because they are not reliable! They tend to break when applying the required amount of pressure to stop the bleeding or they snag loose once applied. Genuine tourniquets can easily run up to 30 dollars each, which sucks, I know. But buying fake tourniquets are a bigger waste of money and a source of trouble, since they can't be relied on for stopping the blood flow adequately and are thus a great way to have a patient die in your arms.
Another popular tourniquet is the RATS TQ. It's very easy to apply it improperly, which can cause a limited form of compression syndrome in the muscles. It's the same reason why you should never improvise a tourniquet from an extension cord or other wire. As with the CAT tourniquet, there are also fake RATS TQ's.

==Communications==
Many new preppers are eager to buy communications gear such as the well known Baofeng handheld two-way radios. While they have a large benefit, it's more important to have the right gear first, as shown in the priorities above. Spending your first 30 dollars as a prepper on a waterfilter should be more important than buying a two-way radio, if you don't have a water filter yet. People choosing Baofengs over Food storage or Personal Protection Equipment, that's just their own fault in their prioritisation. That's not the Baofengs fault for being a cool wannahave gadget.

That being said, they can easily serve a very useful purpose when SHTF. But if you don't put in the time and effort learn about using Baofengs and learn about the real-world practical limitations of radio equipment, you'll end up disappointed big time in it. They can receive so much, and you can put in a lot of frequencies. That doesn't make it so that you can listen to interesting things 24/7 on it, or that it has the same reliability of communications like a cellphone. For survival situations, if you're able to, the Fire Dept frequency can have great info on what roads are blocked or where bad things are going down, which areas to avoid, or which roads are clear. In more and more cities and countries however, emergency services are becoming encrypted. The focus with communications equipement like Baofengs is to be able to monitor ham radio repeaters and simplex frequencies, Red Cross frequencies, ARES frequencies, GMRS/MURS/FRS or PMR446/LPD433 frequencies if you live in Europe. And they are great when moving in a convoy with vehicles. When you have a base antenna deployed, you can talk to and from home with people without reliance on the cellphone networks. It's often sensible to expect a max. range of 3 miles when using these radios with their stock antennas, unless you've tested this extensibly, and probably have done some investment in your gear (portable antennas) as well. People often buy them, program a couple frequencies, maybe listen to the local repeaters for an hour of two before it vanishes in the BOB. When (local) SHTF, the limitations are experienced through emergency use, wrecking confidence, leading to people tossing them. Just spend more time to get familiar with them, and try out a few scenarios where you'd use these to keep in contact with home or other preppers. For instance, check if you can talk between two radios when one is at home and one is in the parking lot of your local Wal-Mart. Don't get discouraged by the learning curve.

Repeaters are often dependent on the electrical grid, so be sure to check out ham radio nets that don't use repeaters (They use a simplex frequency). A FCC General license is very easy to obtain, giving you the possibility to transmit legally on the ham radio bands and participate in these nets, so in the end you can ask other hams what is going on, since they might have access to a HF set that can talk around the world. Don't forget that chinese two-way radio's also have a normal broadcast FM receiver, making it a useful dual-use item. They also continue monitoring the current frequency while you are listening to FM radio.

Baofengs are cheap, but they put out a lot of RF noise. Wouxoun radios are twice as expensive, but much better made and more reliable. The Baofeng supplied antennas are bad, you'd be better off replacing them with a genuine Nagoya NA-771 or NA-701 to increase your range when using the handheld. Below are known sellers of portable roll-up antennas that can increase your two-way radio's range up to 10-15 miles easily, height of the antenna is they key factor here. More info here about radio range: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pQkDaDHv9TA

-Portable Antennas
MURS/GMRS antenna by N9TAX
http://www.ebay.com/itm/221840464026
VHF/UHF Antenna by N9TAX for Ham radio bands
http://www.ebay.com/itm/321819896093
VHF/UHF Antenna by Nelson Antenna (Ham radio bands)
http://www.ebay.com/itm/190898779511

-Programming your Two-way Radio
Buy a programming cable (shouldn't be more than 5 dollars) and use CHIRP. That way you can give stored frequencies a name, which is impossible when programming them by hand. Getting the Windows drivers to work can be a bit of a hassle, but it's in no way worth the extra money to buy a cable with a genuine FTDI chip, which can easily cost 20 dollars or more.
http://chirp.danplanet.com/projects/chirp/wiki/Home

-"Privacy Codes" or CTCSS/DCS
CTCSS and DCS is used to reduce the annoyance of listening to other users on a shared two-way radio communications channel. It is in no way capable or intended to offer any privacy, scrambling, security, protection from interception or whatever else. It is only meant to limit *your* radio to only make certain transmissions audible when the person transmitting uses the correct CTCSS/DCS code. That way you can share license free frequencies with other people while not having to listen to what they say. Analog repeaters use them to prevent spurious emissions from keying the repeater, or to prevent unauthorized use of a repeater.
It is explained in more detail here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DAQYfpETDdM

The Baofeng radios can scan for these codes allowing you to gain (unlawful) access to a repeater. Please use this information with caution, and never interfere people who are using these systems. That is the reason why more and more systems are going digital nowadays.
[Menu] key -> Go to [R-CTCS] or [R-DCS] -> [Menu] key -> [Arrow Up] key -> [Menu] key -> [Menu] Key -> [*/Scan] key. It's confusing because you first have to set it from the 'Off' setting before you can let it scan. It takes about 12-14 seconds to scan for CTCSS and 60 seconds for normal *and* reversed DCS codes.

The CT/DCS icon should now flash and it will start scanning when a signal is received. It keeps quiet when scanning, until it finds the correct CTCSS/DCS code, and you'll hear what is being said/transmitted. The code will be displayed on the screen and pressing [Menu] once will save the setting if you're in VFO mode. In Memory Mode it will go directly back to the saved setting after closing the menu and go back displaying the channel names.

==Links==
/k/ Survival Infograph Folder 	https://mega.nz/#F!rcVFlaIC!zhrCWGYn84ghOCNZyRkNcQ!jRF1WKqZ
CD3WD download info 			http://pastebin.com/gxfm3J7b
TCCC Trauma Care Guidelines http://www.trngcmd.marines.mil/Portals/207/Docs/FMTBE/Student%20Materials/TCCCGuidelines160603.pdf
The Ar/k/ Torrent				http://pastebin.com/uF0NV5Nf