<form action="deletprofil.php" id="form_id" method="post">
            <div data-role="controlgroup" data-filter="true" data-input="#filterControlgroup-input">
                <button type="submit" name="submit" value="1" class="ui-btn ui-shadow ui-corner-all ui-icon-delete ui-btn-icon-right" data-icon="delete" aria-disabled="false">Anlegen</button>
                <button type="submit" name="submit" value="2" class="ui-btn ui-shadow ui-corner-all ui-icon-delete ui-btn-icon-right" data-icon="delete" aria-disabled="false">Bnlegen</button>
            </div>
        </form>

<div class="ui-popup-container pop in ui-popup-active" id="popupDialog-popup" tabindex="0" style="max-width: 1570px; top: 2239.5px; left: 599px;">
    <div data-role="popup" id="popupDialog" data-overlay-theme="b" data-theme="b" data-dismissible="false" style="max-width:400px;" class="ui-popup ui-body-b ui-overlay-shadow ui-corner-all">
        <div data-role="header" data-theme="a" role="banner" class="ui-header ui-bar-a">
            <h1 class="ui-title" role="heading" aria-level="1">Delete Page?</h1>
        </div>
        <div role="main" class="ui-content">
            <h3 class="ui-title">Sicher dass Sie das Profil löschen wollen?</h3>
            <p>Es kann nicht mehr rückgängig gemacht werden.</p>
            <a href="#" id="NOlink" class="ui-btn ui-corner-all ui-shadow ui-btn-inline ui-btn-b">Abbrechen</a>
            <a href="#" id="OKlink" class="ui-btn ui-corner-all ui-shadow ui-btn-inline ui-btn-b">OK</a>
        </div>
    </div>
  </div>

<script language="javascript" type="text/javascript">
$(function(){
    $('#form_id').bind('submit', function(evt){
        $form = this;
        evt.preventDefault();
        $("#popupDialog").popup('open');
        $("#NOlink").bind( "click", function() {
            $("#popupDialog").popup('close');
        });
        $("#OKlink").bind( "click", function() {
            $("#popupDialog").popup('close');
            $( "#form_id" ).submit();
        });
    });
});
    </script>

<form action="deletprofil.php" id="form_id" method="post">
  <div data-role="controlgroup" data-filter="true" data-input="#filterControlgroup-input">
  <button type="submit" value="1" class="ui-btn ui-shadow ui-corner-all ui-icon-delete ui-btn-icon-right" data-icon="delete" aria-disabled="false">Anlegen</button>
  <button type="submit" value="2" class="ui-btn ui-shadow ui-corner-all ui-icon-delete ui-btn-icon-right" data-icon="delete" aria-disabled="false">Bnlegen</button>
  </div>
</form>

 $(function(){
    $("#NOlink, #OKlink").on("click", function(e) {
        e.preventDefault();
        $("#popupDialog").popup('close');
        if (this.id=="OKlink") document.getElementById("form_id").submit();
    });

    $('#form_id').on('submit', function(e){
      e.preventDefault();
      $("#popupDialog").popup('open');
    });
});

<form action="deletprofil.php" id="form_id" method="post">
  <input type="hidden" id="whichdelete" name="whichdelete" value="" />
  <div data-role="controlgroup" data-filter="true" data-input="#filterControlgroup-input">
  <button type="button" value="1" class="delete ui-btn ui-shadow ui-corner-all ui-icon-delete ui-btn-icon-right" data-icon="delete" aria-disabled="false">Anlegen</button>
  <button type="button" value="2" class="delete ui-btn ui-shadow ui-corner-all ui-icon-delete ui-btn-icon-right" data-icon="delete" aria-disabled="false">Bnlegen</button>
  </div>
</form>

 $(function(){
    $("#NOlink, #OKlink").on("click", function(e) {
        e.preventDefault();
        $("#popupDialog").popup('close');
        if (this.id=="OKlink") document.getElementById("form_id").submit();
    });
    $(".delete").on("click", function(e) {
        $("#whichdelete").val(this.value);
    });
    $('#form_id').on('submit', function(e){
      e.preventDefault();
      $("#popupDialog").popup('open');
    });
});

$( "#form_id" )[0].submit();

$form.submit();//declare `$form as a local variable by using var $form = this;

document.formName.submit().