THE COLUMBUS MUSEUM:
CHATTAHOOCHEE LEGACY—FOCUS ON INDUSTRIALIZATION
(100 Points)(Fall 2014)

The Columbus Museum is open Tuesday, Wednesday, Friday, and Saturday from 10:00 am to 5 pm.  On Thursday, it is open until 8:00 pm.  On Sunday it is open from 1:00 pm to 5:00 pm.  It is closed on Mondays.  It does not charge admission.  The Museum is located at 1251 Wynnton Road past AFLAC Headquarters going down the hill towards downtown Columbus.  This assignment is due on Thursday, October 23, at the beginning of class.  The Museum does not allow pens, so bring a pencil to fill in the sheet.

Name of Student:_____Kaleb Corcoran______________________________________________
 I visited the museum alone/with _____________________alone__________________
on (date)________________________.
 Signature of Museum Official at receptionist desk______________________
___
Date:_______________________  Time In:____2:08_____ Time Out:____________

1.  At the entrance to the Chattahoochee Legacy, there is a fascinating glass art exhibit.(3)  Who is the artist?_________Dale Chihuly_______________________.  Briefly describe the artwork:
_____________Based on an experience that the artist had in Finland. Assortment of glass vases in different colors inside a boat.___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
2.  Look at the map of the Chattahoochee River on the wood floor at the beginning of the Legacy. (1) What river joins with the Chattahoochee at Lake Seminole to become the Apalachicola River?  _________Flint River_____________________________
Prehistoric Columbus
3.  (3)The earliest Native Americans in the Chattahoochee Valley were Paleo-Indians ​a.  Dates:___20000___-___8000 BC_____
​b.  The most common artifact of the Paleo period was a spearhead called a  ​_____Clovis Type Point___________________
​c.  A tooth from what extinct mammal is displayed?_Mastodon____________.
4.  (3) The Mississippian culture existed between _1000______-__1500 AD_____.  b.  Where were their towns usually located?  _______near rivers in areas with fertile soil______________________c.  When did the culture disappear in the Chattahoochee Valley:  1500s________________________
5. (2) Look at the display for the Cemochechobee Site.  Three of the man-made objects reflect human or animal figures; what are they called?________effigies___________________
The Early Europeans in the Chattahoochee Valley Area
6. (5) a.  What was the principal product of exchange between early white traders and Indians in the Chattahoochee Valley?  ________deerskin______________
b.  What goods did the Indians receive from the white traders (list 4)  ________________
_____tools, firearms, clothing, jewelry______________________________________________________
c.  What did Europeans make from the skins? (List 3)______clothing, gloves, book bindings_____________________
_________________________________.
7. (1)  What was the name of the Spanish fort built in 1689 on the west side of the Chattahoochee River south of Columbus:  ____Fort Apalachicola___________________________
8.  a.  (1)  Who was the founder of the colony of Georgia?_____James Oglethorpe____________________
8. b.   (1)  Why did he visit the Chattahoochee River in 1739?  _____________________
____to visit with Muscogee Leaders___________________________________________.
9. (3)  (a)What was the initial purpose of Fort Mitchell, which was first built in 1813?
________supply base for the Georgia militia during the Creek War_________________________.
b.  What was the fort used for after the 2d Creek War of 1836?  __mustering point_______________
 __________________________________
c.  What famous Frenchman visited Fort Mitchell in 1825?  ___Marquis de Lafayette_________________
Early Columbus
10.  (1)  In what year was Columbus, Georgia, founded?  _____1827________
11.  (1)How many Creeks were removed from the area during the Creek Trail of Tears?  ______22500___________________________________________________.
12.  (3)  Look at the two small water color pictures of the Chattahoochee River and an and an early scene of Columbus.
a.  Why was the city located at the falls of the Chattahoochee?  _________Columbus____________
b.  Who built the first bridge across the Chattahoochee River at Columbus?  (List 2)
John Godwin________________________ and _____Horace King__________________
c.  When?  __1832_____________
Industrial Boom Town
13.(4)  a.  What did the earliest mills in Columbus produce?  (List 4)
____________corn meal, flour, lumber, cloth, etc._______________________________________________________.
b.  Besides providing power for the mills, what else did the river provide?
______transportation__________________________________.
c.  In what year did the first railroad arrive in Columbus?  ____1853___________
An Industrial City is Born
14.  (5)  a.  What was the first mill built on Bull Creek?  ____Seaborn Jones' City Mill____________________
b.  What did the City Mill provide?  ________grinder meal and flour________________________________
c.  What were the first three textile mills built using the power of the river?  _Columbus Factory,__________
__Cowetta Falls, and Carters Mill_______________________________________________.
d.  The grinding stone on display came from which mill?  ________City Mills_______________
and was used for grinding___________________
The Civil War, 1861-65: (6)
15.  a. What was the Columbus firm of the Haiman Brothers best remembered for?
__________largest sword manufacturer in the Confederacy____________________________________________________.
b.  Columbus became the _2nd___largest industrial center for the Confederacy
16.  What products did Columbus produce for the Confederacy?  (List 8)  __cloth, uniforms, swords, rifles, etc.__________________________________________________________________.
____________________________________________________________________.
17.  (1)  Who led the Union forces that captured Columbus in April 1865?___James h Wilson_________
____________.  (1)  What did the Union troops destroy?  ____bridge_____________________
Textile Industry
18. (1)  When did Columbus begin to build larger textile mills?__1870s__________________
19. (1)  What types of people were employed in the mills?  ____citizens___________________
20.  (2)  Look at the picture on the wall entitled “America’s Greatest Mills”
a.  What mill is represented?  __Eagle and Phenix Mill____________________________
b.  What do the two views of the mill tell you about the capability of the mill?
________it was huge___________________________________________.
21.  (4)  After the Civil War, the mills would be rebuilt.  List 8 common textile products that were manufactured here:  ________polyester, _______________________________________
___________________________________________________.
22. (5)  a.  According to the exhibit on the Eagle and Phenix Mill, who founded the mill in 1851?  ___William .H. Young____________________
b.  Where was he from originally?  ____new York______________________
c.  Why was the original mill destroyed in 1865?  ____Civil War_________________________
d.  When was the mill reopened?  ____1868____________
e.  How was the Eagle and Phenix Mill ranked (size) by the 1880’s?  ____one of the largest____________
23.  (2)  a.  Where did Phenix City get its name?  ______Eagle and Phenix Mill__________________________ ______________________________________________.  b.   Where was the Phenix Eagle Mill Village located?  ____Alabama side of the river______________________________
24.  (2)  a.  Look at the photograph entitled “Carding 1st Shift” .  What do you notice about the race of the mill workers?  ____dressed____________.  Date of the photo?  1954_________
b.  (2)  During the “Jim Crow” era in the South (up to the Civil rights era of the 1960’s) what jobs do you think African Americans were allowed to have in Southern textile mills?________________________none____________________________________.
Life on the Chattahoochie
25.  (4)  a.  What was the largest and most elaborate steamboat on the Chattahoochee River after the Civil War?  _____Lowell________________________  b.  What happened to it?
____________sinking_____________________________________c.  When?  __1845_________
d.  What relationship tied Columbus, Georgia, and Apalachicola, Florida, during the age of stemboats?  ___Cotton Trade_____________________
African American Life in Columbus
26.  (1)  Who was Ma Rainey?  ______mother of Blues_______________________________________.  27.  (1)  Who was Eugene Jacques Bullard?_first black aviator___________________________________.
28.  (1)  Who was Alma Thomas?  _______famous artist from Chattahoochee Valley.____________________________________
__________________________
Shotgun House
29.  (3)  Look at the display of the “shotgun” house.  Describe the floorplan and explain how the house got its name:  ____Square. Shotgun can be shot through the house.________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________.
30.  (1)  In what year was Fort Benning established?  ______1918___________
Civil Rights Struggle
31. (2) What did the Reverend Primus King do in 1944? (be specific)__________Sued for suffrage in a Democratic Primary______ ___________________________________________________________________.
32.  (1) For what did the Columbus Enquirer Sun win the Pulitzer Prize in 1926? __________editorial against the Ku Klux Clan______________________________________________________________
33.  (3)  President Jimmy Carter came from what nearby town? ____Plains________________.  In what year was he inaugurated?  _1977_________  What # President was he?  __39____
34.  (2)  Take a look at the exhibit entitled “Leaving Mississippi”.  Who is the artist and what is the purpose of his exhibit?  ____Najee Dorsey. To pay homage to southern lifestyle._______________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________.

35.  (3)  After exiting the Chattahoochee Legacy, take some time to look at some of the other exhibits on the ground floor.  Describe some of the different types of  artwork contained in the exhibit “For the People, By the People” (This exhibit occupies 3 galleries on the    main floor)(Describe at least 4 types of art and artwork)
a.  ____Trailer Park Truckstop_________________________.  c.  ____contemporary mythologies________________________
b.  _____Swedish Girls________________________.  d.  ________Homecoming___________________

37.  (15 points)  The Prerequisites for Industrialization.  Using what you learned in class about the prerequisites for industrialization (on Sept 30 and Oct 2), and what you learned today about the textile industry in Columbus, list the 10 prerequisites for industrialization and give an example of the prerequisite based on what was available in Columbus at the time.  (Hint:  If you didn’t find it specifically mentioned in a museum exhibit, use your own personal knowledge of the region or Google Eagle Phenix Mill, Bibb Mill, Swift Mill, etc for additional information.  All 10 prerequisites were present for industrialization in Columbus
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