DEFINTIONS

no application definitions
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=====================================================================CIRCULAR======================================
what is meant by angular velocity 1M
  rate of change of angle / angular displacement
  swept out by radius
       ----------------------------------------------------
 what is meant by a radian 2M
  angle subtended at centre of circle
  arc equal in length to the radius
       ----------------------------------------------------
=====================================================================SHM===========================================
 Define simple harmonic motion 2M
  acceleration proportional to displacement/distance from fixed point
  and in opposite directions/directed towards fixed point
       ----------------------------------------------------
 Explain what is meant by damping 2M
  (continuous) loss of energy / reduction in amplitude (from the oscillating system)
  caused by force acting in opposite direction to the motion / friction /    viscous forces
       ----------------------------------------------------
=====================================================================GRAVITY=======================================
Explain what is meant by a gravitational field 1M
 (region of space) where a MASS experiences a force
       ----------------------------------------------------
Define gravitational potential at a point 1M
  work done in bringing unit mass from infinity (to the point)
       ----------------------------------------------------
State what is meant by a field of force 1M
  region (of space) where a particle / body experiences a force
       ----------------------------------------------------
State Newton’s law of gravitation 2M
  force proportional to product of masses
  force inversely proportional to square of separation
=====================================================================ELECTRICITY===================================
Define capacitance 1M
  charge / potential (difference)  (ratio must be clear)
       ----------------------------------------------------
Define electric field strength 1M
  force per unit positive charge acting on a stationary charge
       ----------------------------------------------------
what is meant by smoothing 1M
  reduction in the variation of the output voltage/current
       ----------------------------------------------------
Define electric potential at a point 2M
  work done moving unit positive charge
  from infinity to the point
       ----------------------------------------------------
Explain what is meant by the root-mean-square (r.m.s.) value of an alternating voltage 2M
 either  the value of steady / constant  voltage
         that produces same power (in a resistor) as the alternating voltage
 or      if alternating voltage is squared and averaged
         the r.m.s. value is the square root of this averaged value
====================================================================THERMODYNAMICS=============================
State what is meant by the internal energy of a substance 2M
  sum of kinetic and potential energy of atoms / molecules
  due to random motion
       ----------------------------------------------------
Define specific latent heat of fusion 2M
  (Thermal) energy / heat required to convert unit mass of solid to liquid
  at its normal melting point / without any change in temperature
  (reference to 1 kg or to ice --> water scores max 1 mark)
       ----------------------------------------------------
Define specific latent heat 2M
 (numerically equal to) quantity of (thermal) energy required to change   the state of unit mass of a substance
  without any change of temperature
 (Allow 1 mark for definition of specific latent heat of fusion/vaporisation)
       ----------------------------------------------------
State what is meant by a mole 2M
  amount of substance
  containing same number of particles as in 0.012kg of carbon-12
       ----------------------------------------------------
State what is meant by the Avogadro constant 2M
  number of atoms of carbon-12
  in 0.012kg of carbon-12
       ----------------------------------------------------
=====================================================================RADIOACTIVITY================================
Define the decay constant of a radioactive isotope 2M
  probability of decay
  of a nucleus per unit time
       ----------------------------------------------------
Define radioactive half-life 2M
  time for initial number of nuclei/activity
  to reduce to one half of its initial value
       ----------------------------------------------------
State what is meant by isotopes 2M
  nuclei having same number of protons/proton (atomic) number
  different numbers of neutrons/neutron number
  (allow second mark for nucleons/nucleon number/mass number/atomic  mass if made clear that same number of protons/proton number)
       ----------------------------------------------------
       ----------------------------------------------------
=====================================================================NUCLEAR======================================
State what is meant by nuclear fission 2M
  splitting of a heavy nucleus  (not atom/nuclide)
  into two (lighter) nuclei of APPROXIMATELY SAME MASS
       ----------------------------------------------------
 Explain what is meant by the binding energy of a nucleus 2M
  energy required to (completely) separate the nucleons IN A NUCLEUS
  to infinity
       ----------------------------------------------------
======================================================================MAGNETS=====================================
State Faraday’s law of electromagnetic induction 2M
  (induced) e.m.f. proportional to / equal to
  rate of change of (magnetic) flux (linkage)
       ----------------------------------------------------
Describe what is meant by a magnetic field 3M
  region (of space) / area where
  a force is experienced by
  current-carrying conductor / moving charge / permaent magnet
       ----------------------------------------------------
Define the tesla 3M
  unit of magnetic flux density
  field normal to (straight) conductor carrying current of 1 A
  force per unit length is 1 N/m
       ----------------------------------------------------

======================================================================QUANTUM======================================
 Explain what is meant by a photon 2M
  packet/discrete quantity/quantum (of energy)
  of e.m. radiation
       ----------------------------------------------------
Explain what is meant by the work function of the surface 2M
  energy of photon required to cause emission of electron FROM SURFACE
  either  with zero k.e or  photon energy is minimum
       ----------------------------------------------------
State what is meant by the de Broglie wavelength 2M
  wavelength of wave associated with a particle
  that is moving
       ----------------------------------------------------
===================================================================================================================