2019-03-28 TOEFL: int writing

Greg Malivuk
gmalivuk@staffordhouse.com
http://www.pastebin.com/u/gmalivuk - notes from all classes
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https://ed.ted.com/lessons/a-brief-history-of-dogs-david-ian-howe#review
neoteny = having the appearance or some features of a young animal, even as an adult
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Integrated Writing - What should you do if you don’t catch information from the lecture?
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- Remember that the lecture usually opposes the points from the text (and you can often be even more certain of this based on words in the prompt such as “opposes” or “challenges”).
- Sometimes you might be able to guess about the lecture’s points before you hear any of it.
	If the text says those are examples of altruism, the lecture will probably argue that they aren’t.
	- To argue something isn’t altruistic, you need to say what the person or animal gains.
	- You probably don’t know about meerkats, but you might be able to guess about humans:
		What does someone gain by donating food or an organ?
- After you hear the lecture, even if you didn’t understand the full points, you might be able to compare again with the reading to guess more accurately about the lecture’s point.
	If you remember the lecture said something about the sentinel meerkat and food, you might be able to compare with what the text says about food and guess that really, the sentinel doesn’t go without food.
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The text often makes points like “Because A, therefore B.”
The lecture can make points like, “Because also C, we can’t say therefore B.” This is more common.
	It can also make points like, “Actually not A, so we can’t say therefore B.”
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Text: Because John has his umbrella, it’s probably raining outside.
First type of challenge: John brings his umbrella for the sun because he has sensitive skin.
Second type of challenge: That’s actually Amy’s umbrella that she left here yesterday, not John’s.
(Third type of challenge: Amy came in wearing sunglasses, so it’s actually probably sunny outside.)

- The logic here is pretty clear to everyone, but you have to apply the same logic to unfamiliar things.
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DELTA 7.6 - Read about workplace friendship policies.
R0 = friendships at work are bad
R1 = people are less engaged and productive when they work with their close friends; too much talking
R2 = affects the whole workplace; can cause drama if friends have problems; other people feel excluded
R3 = friendships increase dissatisfaction, especially if friends get together to complain about work; this creates tension and negatively affects everyone
What can we predict about the lecture?
P0 = friendships at work are good
P1 = people might be more engaged when they’re working with friends
P2 = having friends at work could make them happier and enjoy work more
P3 = friendship at work increases satisfaction
What does the lecture say?
L0 = friendships at work are good
L1 = when you have a best friend at work, you’re more engaged and productive and have better job performance
L2 = healthy workplace has friends; they feel more informed and connected; people are more loyal to a company where they have friends
L3 = having friends at work increases satisfaction by up to 50% according to studies
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BREAK
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Writing practice - practice two timed integrated writing tasks.
Email me when you’re finished.
Feedback.