<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<layer-list xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android">

    <item
        android:id="@android:id/background"
        android:drawable="#F6F3F1" />
    <item android:id="@android:id/secondaryProgress">
        <scale
            android:drawable="#DE0012"
            android:scaleWidth="100%" />
    </item>
    <item android:id="@android:id/progress">
        <scale
            android:drawable="#DE0012"
            android:scaleWidth="100%" />
    </item>
</layer-list>

LayerDrawable layers = (LayerDrawable) getResources().getDrawable(R.drawable.style_progress_bar);
int color = getResources().getColor(colorId); // This is the ID of the new color. I use it elsewhere so this should be 100% good

layers.getDrawable(1).setColorFilter(color, PorterDuff.Mode.MULTIPLY);
layers.getDrawable(2).setColorFilter(color, PorterDuff.Mode.MULTIPLY);

// I even called invalidate(); after all this. Nothing changed

<scale
    android:drawable="#DE0012"
    android:scaleWidth="100%" />

private Drawable createDrawable(int colorId) {
    LayerDrawable layers = (LayerDrawable) getResources().getDrawable(R.drawable. style_progress_bar);
    int color = getResources().getColor(colorId);
    try {
        ScaleDrawable first = (ScaleDrawable) layers.getDrawable(1);
        ScaleDrawable second = (ScaleDrawable) layers.getDrawable(2);
        ColorDrawable secondaryColor = (ColorDrawable) first.getDrawable();
        secondaryColor.setColor(color);
        ColorDrawable primaryColor = (ColorDrawable) second.getDrawable();
        primaryColor.setColor(color);
    } catch (ClassCastException e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
    }
    return layers;
}

progressBar.setProgressDrawable(createDrawable(colorId));