documentclass{article}

usepackage{amsmath}

begin{document}
begin{align*}
begin{split}
    z = left( a + b + c right. \
        left. + frac{d}{e} right)
end{split}
end{align*}
end{document}

documentclass{article}

usepackage{amsmath}

begin{document}
begin{align*}
begin{split}
    z = left( a + b + c +vphantom{frac{d}{e}}right. \
        left. + frac{d}{e} right)
end{split}
end{align*}
end{document}

left( left( ... right. right. \
left. left. ... right) right)

mzleft{<label>}{<left delimiter>}{<math formula>}
mzright{<label>}{<math formula>}{<right delimiter>}

documentclass{article}

usepackage{amsmath}
usepackage{mleftright}
usepackage{zref-base}

makeatletter
zref@newprop{mzheight}[0pt]{thehtz@}
zref@newprop{mzdepth}[0pt]{thedpz@}
newcountc@@mz
newcommand*{the@mz}{mzthec@@mz}
newcommand*{@mz@list}{}
let@mz@dorelax
newcommand*{mzreset}{%
  begingroup
    def@mz@do##1{%
      globalexpandafterletcsname mz@##1endcsnamerelax
    }%
    @mz@list
    globallet@mz@list@empty
  endgroup
}
newcommand*{mzleft}[3]{%
  @ifundefined{mz@#1}{%
    globaladvancec@@mz@ne
    expandafterxdefcsname mz@#1endcsname{the@mz}%
    xdef@mz@list{@mz@list@mz@do{#1}}%
  }{}%
  expandafterletexpandafter@mzcsname mz@#1endcsname
  mleft#2%
  expandaftermathpaletteexpandafter{%
    expandafter@mzleftexpandafter{@mz}%
  }{#3}%
  mright.kern-nulldelimiterspace
}
newcommand*{mzright}[3]{%
  kern-nulldelimiterspace
  @ifundefined{mz@#1}{%
    @latex@warning{Missing stringmzleft{#1}}%
    mleft.#2mright#3%
  }{%
    expandafterletexpandafter@mzcsname mz@#1endcsname
    mleft.%
    expandaftermathpaletteexpandafter{%
      expandafter@mzrightexpandafter{@mz}%
    }{#2}%
    mright#3%
  }%
}
newcommand*{@mzleft}{%
  @mzleftright lr%
}
newcommand*{@mzright}{%
  @mzleftright rl%
}
newcommand*{@mzleftright}[5]{%
  sbox0{$m@th#4{}#5{}$}%
  ifmeasuring@
  else
    begingroup
      let@auxout@mainaux
      zref@labelbyprops{#3#1}{mzheight,mzdepth}%
    endgroup
  fi
  zifrefundefined{@mz #2}{%
  }{%
    dimen@=zref@extract{#3#2}{mzheight}relax
    ifdimdimen@>ht0 %
      ht0=dimen@
    fi
    dimen@=zref@extract{#3#2}{mzdepth}relax
    ifdimdimen@>dp0 %
      dp0=dimen@
    fi
  }%
  copy0relax
}
makeatother

begin{document}
begin{align*}
begin{split}
    z = mzleft{a}({ a + b + c +} \
        mzright{a}{{}+ frac{d}{e}})
end{split}
end{align*}

mzreset

begin{align*}
begin{split}
    z = mzleft{a}{[}{%
          a + b + frac{c}{d} +
          mzleft{b}{(}{
            int_0^infty mathrm{d}x
          }
        } \
        mzright{b}{
          + y}{)
        }
        mzright{a}{
          + frac{displaystylesum_{i=0}^{100}i}{e}
        }{]}
end{split}
end{align*}
end{document}

newcommandSPLIT[2]{%
  left( #1vphantom{#2}right. \
  left. vphantom{#1}#2right) \
}

begin{align*}
  begin{split}
    z= SPLIT{a + b + c +}{d +frac{d}{e}}
  end{split}
end{align*}