JFrame frame = new JFrame();
frame.setLayout(new FlowLayout());
JButton button=new JButton("do something");
button.addKeyListener(new KeyAdapter() {
    @Override
    public void keyPressed(KeyEvent evt) {
        if (evt.getKeyCode() == 10) {
            System.out.println("it is ten");
        }
    }
});
frame.getContentPane().add(button);


frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
frame.setSize(300, 300);
frame.setVisible(true);