) The ability to move from one location to another is                                                1)
     A) migration.
      B) voluntary migration.
     C) mobility.
     D) variable migration.
      E) net migration.
2) A permanent move to a new location is                                                              2)
     A) net in-migration.
      B) migration.
     C) net migration.
     D) net out-migration.
      E) mobility.
3) Refugees migrate primarily because of which type of push factor?                                   3)
     A) cultural
      B) economic
     C) circulation
     D) environmental
      E) all of the above
4) Which of the following events would be considered a migration pull factor?                         4)
     A) civil war
      B) failed harvest
     C) opening of a new factory
     D) revolutionary takeover of a government
      E) flooding of a river
5) Several million Irish migrated in the 1840s primarily because                                      5)
     A) they were attracted to the United States.
      B) Spanish invasion threatened their homes.
     C) disastrous economic conditions pushed them out of the country.
     D) the English forced them to become refugees.
      E) poor environmental conditions induced them to migrate.
6) According to the U.S. Committee for Refugees, the two largest groups of international refugees are 6)
     A) Vietnamese and Indonesian.
      B) Ethiopian and Somolian.
     C) Mexican and Colombian.
     D) Palestinian and Afghan.
      E) Sudanese and Colombian.
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 7) The most important pull factor for migrants to North America is                                  7)
      A) political.
      B) economic.
      C) geomagnetic.
      D) environmental.
      E) forced.
 8) Millions of West Africans who migrated to Nigeria during the 1970s, when the country's economy   8)
    expanded, were expelled during the 1980s, when the country's economy declined. This is an
    example of
      A) emigration changing to immigration.
      B) a push factor changing to a pull factor.
      C) a pull factor changing to a push factor.
      D) forced migration changing to voluntary migration.
      E) an economic migration factor changing to an environmental migration factor.
 9) Which factor usually induces voluntary migration?                                                9)
      A) environmental
      B) political
      C) economic
      D) regional conflicts
      E) international
10) People are forced to migrate primarily because of which factor?                                  10)
      A) economic
      B) mobility
      C) international
      D) cultural
      E) environmental
11) Millions of Europeans were forced to emigrate from their farms because of                        11)
      A) poor economic prospects in the rapidly growing cities.
      B) forced consolidation of farms.
      C) increased crude death rates.
      D) a decline in food supplies.
      E) expanding crop varieties.
12) The most popular destination for voluntary migrants from Great Britain has been                  12)
      A) South Asia.
      B) North America.
      C) Australia.
      D) South America.
      E) Asia.
13) Most migrants to the United States during the peak of the1840s and 1850s came from which part of 13)
    Europe?
      A) north and west
      B) central
      C) south and east
      D) north and east
      E) south and west
                                                       2
14) Most migrants to the United States during the early twentieth century came from which part of     14)
    Europe?
      A) south and west
      B) north and east
      C) central
      D) south and east
      E) north and west
15) Most migrants to the United States during the late 1970s and early 1980s came from                15)
      A) Europe.
      B) Latin America.
      C) Micronesia.
      D) Asia.
      E) Africa.
16) Migration to the United States declined during the 1920s primarily because of                     16)
      A) economic depression in the United States.
      B) declining demand for domestic workers.
      C) declining demand for industrial workers.
      D) forced migration after World War I.
      E) imposition of quota laws.
17) The main impact of the 1920s quota laws on the national origin of immigrants to the United States 17)
    was to
      A) admit migrants mostly from Europe.
      B) permit migrants from any region of the world.
      C) encourage more migration from Asia and Latin America.
      D) all of the above
      E) A and C
18) The largest numbers of recent immigrants to the United States are                                 18)
      A) illegal immigrants.
      B) guest workers.
      C) talented professionals.
      D) political refugees.
      E) relatives of U.S. residents.
19) Brain drain is                                                                                    19)
      A) a net decline in literacy.
      B) the process by which people are given reference for migration.
      C) a cultural feature that hinders migration.
      D) the large-scale emigration of talented people.
      E) people forced to migrate for political reasons.
20) The largest number of legal immigrants to the United States come from what country?               20)
      A) the Philippines
      B) Cuba
      C) Dominican Republic
      D) Mexico
      E) South Korea
                                                         3
21) Most Asians are currently migrating to the United States through the process of                   21)
      A) illegal immigration.
      B) boat people.
      C) global relocation.
      D) brain drain.
      E) chain migration.
22) Most migrants to the United States during the peak of the late nineteenth century came from which
    part of Europe?
      A) south and east
      B) north and east
      C) north and west
      D) central
      E) south and west
                                                                                                  22)
23) The largest number of undocumented immigrants to the United States come from what country?    23)
      A) South Korea
       B) Cuba
      C) Dominican Republic
      D) Mexico
       E) the Philippines
24) Pollero or coyote is a term for                                                               24)
      A) a U.S. Border Patrol agent.
       B) someone who helps undocumented Mexicans immigrate.
      C) second generation Vietnamese immigrants.
      D) an undocumented immigrant from Mexico.
       E) a Mexican made legal by the 1986 Immigration Reform and Control Act.
25) The largest level of interregional migration in the United States was caused by the           25)
      A) illegal immigration from Latin America.
       B) opening up of the western territories.
      C) industrial development in the northeast.
      D) arrival of Europeans beginning in the 1600s.
       E) immigration of Asians beginning in the early twentieth century.
26) The U.S. center of population has moved steadily to the                                       26)
      A) east.                B) north.           C) west.             D) center.       E) south.
27) Large-scale migration occurred in Southeast Asia after 1975 primarily because of              27)
      A) communist victory.
       B) boat people.
      C) shifts in global industrial development.
      D) separation of religious groups.
       E) failure of the monsoon rains.
                                                         4
28) Many of the refugees from Vietnam became known as the                                                28)
       A) boat people.
       B) Hindus.
       C) communists.
       D) segregationists.
       E) Okies.
29) The largest interregional migration in the United States of African-Americans has been               29)
       A) from north to south.
       B) from south to north.
       C) from east to west.
       D) from west to east.
       E) from northwest to southeast.
30) Which is a current intraregional migration trend in the United States?                               30)
       A) metropolitan to nonmetropolitan
       B) urban to suburban
       C) net emigration from the northeast
       D) rural to urban
       E) all of the above
31) Migration to the United States increased from Europe after 1800 in part because of                   31)
       A) deteriorating public health, medicine, and food supply.
       B) rapid increase in the crude death rate.
       C) expanded economic opportunities during the Industrial Revolution.
       D) higher natural increase rates.
       E) plague and famine.
32) Guest workers in Europe and the Middle East are                                                      32)
       A) Muslims.
       B) technical specialists invited as consultants.
       C) low-status foreigners.
       D) illegal immigrants.
       E) southern Europeans.
33) The Brazilian government encouraged interregional migration by                                       33)
       A) clearing the rain forest for agricultural activities in the interior.
       B) moving the capital to Brasilia.
       C) industrial development on the Atlantic coast.
       D) making Rio de Janeiro and Sao Paulo more attractive.
       E) dictating optimal locations for factories.
34) In the United States, which is likely to cause virtually all population growth in the next couple of 34)
    decades?
       A) urban expansions
       B) natural increase rate
       C) crude birth rate
       D) declining death rate
       E) net in-migration
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    35) The most prominent type of intraregional migration in the world is                                     35)
          A) region to region.
           B) north to south.
           C) urban to rural.
          D) city to city.
           E) rural to urban.
    36) Suburbanization of more developed countries is due to                                                  36)
          A) global investment.
           B) increasing employment opportunities.
           C) desire to change lifestyle.
          D) regional development.
           E) expanding urban territory.
    37) Many of the first Europeans to settle in Australia migrated to serve jail sentences which is the       37)
        combination of which push and pull factors?
          A) economic push, cultural pull
           B) environmental push, cultural pull
           C) cultural push, economic pull
          D) environmental push, economic pull
           E) economic push, environmental pull
    38) Counterurbanization is                                                                                 38)
          A) decline of the inner-city infrastructure.
           B) the move from urban core to suburban areas.
           C) the trend of the elderly retiring to rural locations.
          D) migration to rural areas and small towns.
           E) due to expanding suburbs.
SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question.
    39) List the three types of migration push and pull factors.                                         39)
    40) Which of the three migration factors has been the most important pull factor for                 40)
        immigration to the United States?
    41) Name one of the two countries which sent 75 percent of all immigrants to the United States       41)
        during the 1840s.
    42) Migration to the United States declined in the 1920s as a result of new laws. What did these     42)
        laws do?
    43) Briefly describe the distinguishing characteristic of urbanization.                              43)
    44) Describe suburbanization in more developed countries.                                            44)
    45) Describe the major intraregional and interregional migration patterns within the United States in recent years.
    46) Describe changes in the movement of the U.S. center of population and reasons for those changes.