The Origin of the Hail Mary

Note: To understand the purpose of the Hail Mary as a prayer, please read the Pastebin "The Communion and Intercession of Saints".

The Hail Mary is a Marian prayer and probably the most fundamental Marian prayer. It quotes scripture, admits Mary's God-given grace, and asks her to pray for you. This is the prayer itself:
"Hail Mary, full of grace, the Lord is with thee. Blessed art thou among women and blessed is the fruit of thy womb, Jesus. Holy Mary, Mother of God, pray for us sinners now and at the hour of our death. Amen."
I will be working through the origin of this prayer.

>Hail Mary, full of grace, the Lord is with thee.
This comes from Luke 1:28 when an angel says this to Mary.

>Blessed art thou among women and blessed is the fruit of thy womb, Jesus.
This is a past-tense version of the line ""Blessed are you among women, and blessed is the child you will bear!" said in Luke 1:42 to Mary by Elizabeth when she was filled with the Holy Spirit.

>Holy Mary, Mother of God, pray for us sinners now and at the hour of our death. Amen.
This is wholly of the church's creation.
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Now there are arguments about the legitimacy of things in the prayer. I'll go into this:

>"Full of grace" is actually "highly favored"
This is the most common refutation of the Hail Mary and most mariology.
The Greek used here in the original transcriptions is a perfect passive participle. It is also feminine. A participle is a verb that is used to describe the subject. The perfect tense describes an action in present time which has a completed aspect. In this verse it is used as a title and means basically "you who have been graced" or "you who have been filled with grace". This word is not speaking of just a little grace, it is speaking of an abundance of grace. Although this is a completed action, the effects are still on going in this verse. Mary is still full of grace when the angel says this.

To make the issue more complex, the part of the word used to define "grace" CAN arguably also be used to mean "favor" but theologically it says the same thing as "grace" in how it's used so it makes more sense to use the same consistent words.

>Holy Mary...?
People seem to think Mary is considered worshipped by calling her holy. This comes from people treating holy and divine as synonymous when they are not. Oxford defines holy as:
1.  "Dedicated or consecrated to God or a religious purpose".
2. Devoted to the service of God
3. Morally and spiritually excellent
These three definitions have no explicit reason to be limited to God alone. You could argue 3 by saying man sins but that would be an argument of standards.

>Mother of God
This is sometimes taken as her being the mother of God as in the mother of the triune creator of all things. This is a simple mistake, as the title is for her who bore and birthed Jesus.