2020-02-04 Grammar: infinitives

Greg Malivuk
gmalivuk@staffordhouse.com
http://www.pastebin.com/u/gmalivuk - Notes from all classes
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Homework: “Gerund and Infinitive Master” handout - Write the correct form of each verb on the line.
	1 - In American English we would use “review” in this sentence.
	17 - In American English we would say, “It needs to be cleaned.”
	23 - “Fancy” as a verb is much less common in American English, but it’s basically “like” or “want”.
Use the other handout as a reference.
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1 to revise (“to review” in American English)
2 sleeping
3 waiting
4 to book
5 meeting (The gerund in these cases refers to a real action, often which happened before the main verb. This sentence means the speaker will always have the memory of that first time.)
6 to lock (The infinitive refers to a potential or future action. If you forgot to lock the door, you didn’t lock it.)
	- “meeting” refers to the action, “to lock” refers to the obligation
7 to give (“able” is an adjective)
8 telling
9 to park (“allowed” is an adjective)
10 to speak
11 doing (“on” is a preposition)
12 to buy
13 to speak
14 smoking (You really smoked before and you should stop.)
15 to complete
16 to turn (This question is about your obligation to turn it off.)
17 to be cleaned
18 spending
19 working
20 not to tell
21 going (This is just continuous.)
22 to help
23 watching
24 telling (I really told him and now I regret it.)
25 to get (I attempted this action but I couldn’t do it.)
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Infinitive expressions can include information about affirmative/negative, active/passive, and perfect and progressive aspect.

John hopes to win the election. (active)
John hopes to be elected. (passive)
John hopes not to lose the election. (active, negative)
John hopes to be celebrating with his family. (active, progressive)
John hopes to have finished his book by Christmas. (active, perfect)
John hopes to have been promoted before then. (passive, perfect)

He appears to be in a fight. = It looks like he is fighting now.
He appears to have been in a fight. = It looks like he was in a fight before.
	(“be in a fight” happened before “appear”, so we make it perfect)
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p. 92 exercise 4 - Ask and answer questions with your partner to write true sentences.
First, what questions should you ask?
1 What things does your family expect you to do?
  What things do they expect you not to do?
2 How do you like to treat people you have just met?
  How do you like to be treated by your teachers?
3 What things do your teachers expect you to do at the beginning of class?
  What things do teachers expect you to have done before the beginning of class?
4 What do you plan to do when school ends?
  What do you plan to be doing when school ends at 7 o’clock tonight?
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I don’t expect you to do that. = I will be surprised if you do that.
I expect you not to do that. = I will be unhappy if you do that.
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1 They expect her to be happy.
  They expect him not to drink alcohol.
2 She likes to treat them kindly.
  She likes to be treated constructively.
3 They expect him to pay attention. / to put away her phone. / to take out his homework. / etc.
  They expect you to have done your homework before the beginning of class.
4 He plans to fly home when school ends.
  He plans to be playing a game.