2020-02-13 Grammar: all aspects

Greg Malivuk
gmalivuk@staffordhouse.com
http://www.pastebin.com/u/gmalivuk - Notes from all classes
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Homework: p. 20 exercise 6 - Should these sentences use simple or perfect?
1 had said
2 had conducted
3 has had
4 has visited (“so far” means up to now, for something that will continue)
5 came, hadn’t been
6 have traveled (“by the time” always goes with a perfect tense in the other clause)
7 haven’t slept
8 had completed, realized, weren’t
9 have lived
10 has studied
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Perfect Progressive Aspect

form: [have] + been + verb(ing)
meaning: something is continuous at the focus time and started before it

I’ve been writing a book. = I’m still writing it now. I haven’t finished yet.
I’ve written a book. = I have finished the book already.

I’m thinking about moving. = You only know it’s what I’m doing in this moment.
I’ve been thinking about moving. = I emphasize that I started thinking about it in the past.

- In the past and future, perfect continuous almost always includes a length of time.
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p. 21 exercise 7 - Decide if each sentence should be perfect or perfect progressive. (Sometimes both answers are fine.)
1 has been raining
2 had been working (or “had worked”)
	“Long actions” like “work” and “live” generally mean the same in progressive and simple.
3 have found
4 has found / has been finding (“find” in this sentence means more like “feel” or “think” than “discover”, so it can continue)
5 has been cooking (or “has cooked”)
6 had been looking, had left
7 have been trying
8 will have been living / will have lived (“live” is also a long action)
9 have been coming / have come, moved
10 have tried (“several times” means each try is finished, so we can’t use continuous)
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I have read this book three times. (each time is finished)
	“how many times?” = not progressive
I have been reading this book for three weeks. (I’m not finished)
	“how much time?” = “how long?” = progressive
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p. 22 exercise 8 - Choose which of the four past tenses is correct for each verb.
Check with Kahoot
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Homework (optional): exercises 9 and 10 - complete the same paragraph in present and future time frames (all the aspects should be the same as on exercise 8)