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**update**

Both Alexey Golyshev and Rashid provide great solutions, though in terms of the quality of translation, Rashid's Google Translate solution is much better.

I want to add a workaround that is only specific to my example. My example actually comes from my recent post : [How to make a picture grid of all Nobel Laureates in physics?][4]

So the these names are all famous! They all got wikipedia pages! Fortunately, I just found Mathematica provides a function called `WikipediaData` which is quite useful. So here is the specific solution.

    Clear[wikiTranslation];
    wikiTranslation[word_,language_:"Chinese"]:=language/.WikipediaData[word,"TitleTranslationRules"]

so

    In[57]:= wikiTranslation/@ namelist

    Out[57]= {"梶田隆章", "阿瑟 麦克唐纳", "赤崎勇", "天野浩", "中村修二"}

And actually this results are more accurate than google translation. e.g. 梶田隆章 is the official translation appears on all media in China

I think this wikipedia method should be the best solution for proper names: such as celebrity, countries, famous place etc