2020-03-18 TOEFL: listening inference

Greg Malivuk
gmalivuk@staffordhouse.com
http://www.pastebin.com/u/gmalivuk - notes from all classes
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https://ed.ted.com/lessons/vultures-the-acid-puking-plague-busting-heroes-of-the-ecosystem-kenny-coogan
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Homework: Finish Cengage exercise 6.2 (passages 5 and 6)
Compare your answers with a partner. Try to convince them of your answers if you disagree.
21 D
22 A
23 D
24 A (It’s really just the number 250, not the noun phrase “250 words”.)
25 A
26 C
27 C
28 A
29 B
30 B
31 A
32 D
33 C
34 D
35 B
36 B
37 C
38 A
39 C (“The Silk Road had effects on history, not just on that of Rome, but on that of all the lands...”)
40 A
41 A
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Pronouns in dependent and independent clauses.
clause = a group of words with a subject and a verb
independent clauses = clauses that can be complete sentences by themselves
	John lost his wallet. John couldn’t pay for lunch.
dependent clauses = clauses that aren’t complete sentences, they express adverbial information about an independent clause
	Because it was raining, we had lunch indoors. / I won’t go to school if it’s snowing.

Because John lost his wallet, he couldn’t pay for lunch.
John couldn’t pay for lunch because he lost his wallet.
Because he lost his wallet, John couldn’t pay for lunch. (I know an independent clause is still coming, so I can wait to hear who this sentence is about.)
*He couldn’t pay for lunch because John lost his wallet. (This sounds like someone else couldn’t pay for lunch because John lost that person’s wallet.)
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Listening Question Types:
- main idea
- detail
- inference
- complete a chart or table
- attitude
- function
- purpose
- prediction
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Cambridge exercise L18 - Listen to the exerpts and decide if each inference is correct (yes or no?).
1 yes
2 no - She’s being sarcastic, and thinks the idea of a mud house is ridiculous.
3 no
4 yes
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L19
1 B
2 D
3 A
4 B
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L20 - In your own words, answer the inference/purpose questions
1 She is or plans to be an art major.
2 Children can play with these toys longer without getting bored.
3 She wants them to hear different authentic regional accents.
4 There was recently an assault on campus.
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BREAK - We’ll check L20 after the break
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In American English, faculty is another word for teaching staff.
In British English, it’s a major division in a university above the level of department. In the US these are often “schools” or “colleges” within a university.
In academic contexts, “arts” usually means “skills”. The liberal arts are the skills needed to be a free citizen.
major = primary area of study
minor = secondary area of study
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Oxford 4L5 - What are some ways we could abbreviate these words in notes?
1 appointment - apt / appt / appmt /
2 behavior - bhvr (Removing all vowels is usually an effective way to abbreviate in English.)
3 cognitive neuroscience - cog neurosci / cns
4 biological sciences - biosci’s
5 specialty degrees - spec degs
6 requirement - req
	(prereq and coreq are common terms in university course descriptions)
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4L6 - Listen to track 26 and answer the questions.
1 c
2 a
3 a d
4 b c d
5 c d
6 c
credit = credit-hour = a unit of class time in universities, usually one “hour” per week for a full term
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4L7 - Listen to the class discussion (track 27) and complete the notes
1. Study
	* participants
	- school children in Illinois
	* method
	- measured BMI and assessed fitness with cardio exercise; then took a test on math and reading
	* results
	- the fittest students scored the best on the test
2. Science behind results = process
	1. move a muscle
	2. protein IFG 1 -> blood -> brain
	3. stimulates production of BDNF
3. BDNF = brain derived neurotrophic factor (You could also write “brain der. neur. fact”)
	* stimulates high level thought
	* can’t think w/o it
	* + exercise = + BDNF = + capacity for tasks
	* generates brain cells and connections between them = chemical facilitates learning
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4L8 - Now answer the questions about the listening.
1 c
2 d
3 b (It’s produced in the brain itself, so doesn’t have to go through the bloodstream.)
4 a c
5 a (He suggests that the class has gone on long enough because he doesn’t want to present.)
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Delta exercise 2.4.A - Listen to CD 3 track 2 and answer all 10 inference and prediction questions
1 D
2 C
3 B
4 C
5 B
6 A
7 A
8 B
9 C
10 D
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Cambridge mini-test - Do the first and third passages
1 A
2 B
3 B
4 A
5 D
10 A
11 A
12 A
13 A
14 D