procedure TForm1.ButtonSaveClick(Sender: TObject);
var
  I: Integer;
  Strings: TStringList;
begin
  Strings := TStringList.Create;
  try
    for I := 0 to ComponentCount - 1 do
      if Components[I] is TLabel then
        Strings.Values[Components[I].Name] := TLabel(Components[I]).Caption;

    Strings.SaveToFile('C:\File.ext');
  finally
    Strings.Free;
  end;
end;

procedure TForm1.ButtonLoadClick(Sender: TObject);
var
  I: Integer;
  Control: TComponent;
  Strings: TStringList;
begin
  Strings := TStringList.Create;
  try
    Strings.LoadFromFile('C:\File.ext');

    for I := 0 to Strings.Count - 1 do
    begin
      Control := FindComponent(Strings.Names[I]);
      if Control is TLabel then
        TLabel(Control).Caption := Strings.ValueFromIndex[I];
    end;
  finally
    Strings.Free;
  end;
end;