#include <iostream>
#include <iomanip>
#include <string>

using namespace std;

// Forward declarations for functions we'll use later (these could have easily just been put in
// this order at the top of this source file):
bool is_leap_year(const int year);
string month_name(const int month);
int days_in_month(const bool is_leap_year, const int month);
void print_whitespace(const size_t amount);
void print_calendar(const bool is_leap_year, const int calendar[12][31]);
void generate_calendar(const bool is_leap_year, const int start_day, int calendar[12][31]);

int main(int /*argc*/, char* /*argv*/[])
{
  int year = 0;
  int day = 0;
  bool day_valid = false;

  // Get user input for year and validate it.
  while(!year)
  {
    cout << "Enter the year: ";
    cin >> year;
    if(year < 0 || year > 9999)
    {
      cout << "That's not a valid year!" << endl;
      year = 0;
    }
  }

  // Get user input for day and validate it.
  while(!day_valid)
  {
    cout << "Enter the day of the week of January 1st, using 0 through 6" << endl
              << "(eg. 0 = Sun, 1 = Mon, 2 = Tue, 3 = Wed, 4 = Thu, 5 = Fri, 6 = Sat): ";
    cin >> day;
    if(day < 0 || day > 6)
      cout << "That's not a valid day! Must be between 0 and 6." << endl;
    else
      day_valid = true;
  }

  // The assignment seems to require this.
  const bool leap_year = is_leap_year(year);
  if(leap_year)
    cout << year << " is a leap year." << endl
                 << "There are 29 days in February." << endl;
  else
    cout << year << " is not a leap year." << endl
                 << "There are 28 days in February." << endl;

  // Generate our calendar.
  int calendar[12][31];
  generate_calendar(leap_year, day, calendar);
  print_calendar(leap_year, calendar);

  return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}

bool is_leap_year(const int year)
{
  // A year is a leap year if it is divisible by 4 unless it is both divisible by 100 and not divisible by 400.
  if(year%4==0)
  {
    if(year%100==0 && year%400!=0)
      return false;
    return true;
  }
  return false;
}

string month_name(const int month)
{
  switch(month)
  {
  case 0:
    return "January";
  case 1:
    return "February";
  case 2:
    return "March";
  case 3:
    return "April";
  case 4:
    return "May";
  case 5:
    return "June";
  case 6:
    return "July";
  case 7:
    return "August";
  case 8:
    return "September";
  case 9:
    return "October";
  case 10:
    return "November";
  case 11:
    return "December";
  }
  return "WTF"; // I usually use a NODEFAULT() macro. This code will never be executed.
}

int days_in_month(const bool is_leap_year, const int month)
{
  int days_count = 0;
  switch(month)
  {
    // 30 days has september, april, june, and november. all the rest have 31, except for
    // february, 28! Or friggin 29 on a leap year.
  case 8: case 3: case 5: case 10:
    days_count = 30;
    break;
  case 1:
    if(is_leap_year)
      days_count = 29;
    else
      days_count = 28;
    break;
  default:
    days_count = 31;
  }
  return days_count;
}

void print_whitespace(const size_t amount)
{
  // Printing spaces for formatting becomes a common thing we do, so we want to put it in a
  // function that handles it.
  for(size_t i=0;i<amount;++i)
    cout << " ";
}

void print_calendar(const bool is_leap_year, const int calendar[12][31])
{

  for(int month = 0; month < 12; ++month)
  {
    // Print the calendar header. Note that the whole calendar, including the '+' signs, is
    // TWENTY FOUR CHARACTERS LONG.
    cout << "+----------------------+" << endl
         << "|";

    // We want to make the month name nicely centered in the calendar month heading. I'd usually
    // use setw here like we do below for the days, but that would require iostreams to have
    // a "center" (similar to how it has a left and right), but it doesn't. So we
    // need to do it ourselves.
    const string mn = month_name(month);
    const size_t left_ws = (22-mn.length())/2 + mn.length()%2;
    const size_t right_ws = (22-mn.length())/2;
    print_whitespace(left_ws);
    cout << mn;
    print_whitespace(right_ws);
    cout << "|" << endl;

    cout << "+----------------------+" << endl
         << "|  S  M  T  W  T  F  S |" << endl
         << "+----------------------+" << endl
         << "|";

    // The first line of the calendar is a bit special - it has some empty days. Print each empty
    // day (they're three spaces each).
    int day = calendar[(size_t)month][(size_t)0];
    print_whitespace(day*3);

    // Iterate through the rest of the days.
    const int days_count = days_in_month(is_leap_year, month);
    for(int date = 0; date < days_count; ++date)
    {
      cout << right << setw(3) << date+1;
      if(7 == ++day)
      {
        day = 0;
        cout << " |" << endl
                  << "|";
      }
    }

    // Similarly to the first line (but backwards), print the trailing whitespace.
    print_whitespace((7-day)*3);

    cout << " |" << endl
              << "+----------------------+" << endl
                                             << endl;
  }
}

void generate_calendar(const bool is_leap_year, const int start_day, int calendar[12][31])
{
  int day = start_day;
  for(int month=0; month < 12; ++month)
  {
    const int days_count = days_in_month(is_leap_year, month);

    for(int date=0; date < days_count; ++date)
    {
      if(7 == day)
        day = 0;

      calendar[(size_t)month][(size_t)date] = day++;

    }
  }
}