/* output with .NET 4.0 on 2014 beefy machine x86 release build:
Test1 - Activator.CreateInstance<T>(): 8642
Test2 - new T() 864
Test3 - Delegate 1156
Test4 - Generic new() 8858
Baseline 327
*/

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Diagnostics;

namespace ConsoleApplication1
{
    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            const int IterationCount = 100000000;

            // warmup
            Test1();
            Test2();
            Test3();
            Test4<TestClass>();

            // profile Activator.CreateInstance<T>()
            Stopwatch sw = Stopwatch.StartNew();
            for (int index = 0; index < IterationCount; index++)
                Test1();
            sw.Stop();
            Console.WriteLine("Test1 - Activator.CreateInstance<T>(): {0}", sw.ElapsedMilliseconds);

            // profile new T()
            sw.Restart();
            for (int index = 0; index < IterationCount; index++)
                Test2();
            sw.Stop();
            Console.WriteLine("Test2 - new T() {0}", sw.ElapsedMilliseconds);

            // profile Delegate
            sw.Restart();
            for (int index = 0; index < IterationCount; index++)
                Test3();
            sw.Stop();
            Console.WriteLine("Test3 - Delegate {0}", sw.ElapsedMilliseconds);

            // profile generic new()
            sw.Restart();
            for (int index = 0; index < IterationCount; index++)
                Test4<TestClass>();
            sw.Stop();
            Console.WriteLine("Test4 - Generic new() {0}", sw.ElapsedMilliseconds);

            // profile Baseline
            sw.Restart();
            for (int index = 0; index < IterationCount; index++)
                TestBaseline();
            sw.Stop();
            Console.WriteLine("Baseline {0}", sw.ElapsedMilliseconds);
        }

        public static void Test1()
        {
            var obj = Activator.CreateInstance<TestClass>();
            GC.KeepAlive(obj);
        }

        public static void Test2()
        {
            var obj = new TestClass();
            GC.KeepAlive(obj);
        }

        static Func<TestClass> Create = delegate
        {
            return new TestClass();
        };

        public static void Test3()
        {
            var obj = Create();
            GC.KeepAlive(obj);
        }

        public static void Test4<T>() where T : new()
        {
            var obj = new T();
            GC.KeepAlive(obj);
        }

        static TestClass x = new TestClass();
        public static void TestBaseline()
        {
            GC.KeepAlive(x);
        }

        public class TestClass
        {
        }
    }
}