SELECT SUM(CASE WHEN s.TypeID IN(1,2,3,4,7,8,10) THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) FROM Sales s

SELECT SUM(CASE WHEN s.TypeID IN(SELECT ID FROM SaleTypes WHERE SaleType.Desc = 'US') THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) FROM Sales s

SELECT count(*)
FROM Sales s
JOIN SaleTypes st
ON s.TypeID = st.ID
WHERE SaleType.Desc = 'US'

SELECT SUM(
    CASE WHEN Sales.TypeID IN(1,2,3,4,7,8,10) THEN 1
    ELSE 0
    END
)
FROM Sales;

WITH SalesInUS AS(
    SELECT ID
    FROM SalesType
    WHERE SalesType.Desc = 'US'
),

SELECT SUM(
    CASE WHEN Sales.TypeID IN SalesInUS THEN 1
    ELSE 0
    END
)
FROM Sales;

INSERT INTO #SalesInUS
    SELECT ID
    FROM SalesType
    WHERE SalesType.Desc = 'US'

SELECT COUNT(Sales.TypeID)
FROM Sales
INNER JOIN #SalesInUS
ON Sales.TypeID = #SalesInUS.ID

SELECT COUNT(Sales.TypeID)
FROM Sales
INNER JOIN SalesType
ON Sales.TypeID = SalesType.ID
AND SalesType.Desc = 'US'

SELECT SUM(CASE WHEN st.ID IS NOT NULL THEN 1 ELSE 0 END)
  FROM Sales s
  LEFT JOIN SaleTypes st
         ON (s.TypeId=st.ID AND st.Desc='US')